世界经济论坛-把技能放在首位：建立高效和公平的劳动力市场的机会（英）-2024.1.docx

《世界经济论坛-把技能放在首位：建立高效和公平的劳动力市场的机会（英）-2024.1.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《世界经济论坛-把技能放在首位：建立高效和公平的劳动力市场的机会（英）-2024.1.docx（51页珍藏版）》请在课桌文档上搜索。

1、SupportedbyPwCWQR1.DECONOMICFQRUMPuttingSk川SFirstOpportunitiesforBuildingEfficientandEquitable1.abourMarketsINSIGHTREPORTJANUARY2024Coverimage:UnsplashContentsIntroduction3Executivesummary4Context51Chapter1:SkillsFirstOpportunities71.1Rethinkingacademicrequirementstobroadentalentpools71.2Assessingsk

2、illsalongsideworkandeducationhistorytospotnewtalent91.31.ookingbeyondpersonalnetworkstowidenaccesstoopportunity111.4Preparingforthedemandsofthedigitaltransition121.5Gettingaheadofthegreentransition152Chapter2:SkillsFirst1.ighthouses162.1Employer1.ighthouses191.ighthouse1IBM:SkiIIsBuiId191.ighthouse2

3、1.ondonStockExchangeGroup:MyCareer211.ighthouse3Natixis:JobsinMotion231.ighthouse4PwC:SkillsProgramme251.ighthouse5Sanofi:DemocratizingDigitalandData271.ighthouse6SAP:SkillsTransformationProgramme291.ighthouse7Siemens:MySkills31DisclaimerThisdumentispublished1.ighthouse8StandardChartered:FutureSkill

4、sAcademies33bytheWorldEconomicForumasacontributionto2.2GovernmentandEducationsector1.ighthouses35aproject,insightareaorinteraction.Thefindings,1.ighthouse9AcademyofCareerandTechnologyCambodia:DigitalPathwaysforYouth35interpretationsandconclusionsexpressed1.ighthouse10Coursera:CreditRecommendationofP

5、rofessionalCertificates37hereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocess1.ighthouse11EdgeTech:TheMusaInitiative39facilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEconomicForum1.ighthouse12MetropolisUniversityofAppliedSciences:MINNO41butwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresentthe1.ighthouse13NationalUniversityofSingapore:SkiIIs

6、FutureCareerTransitionProgrammes43viewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,northeentiretyofits2.3Keyfactorsforsuccess45Members,Partnersorotherstakeholders.PwCprovidedContributors46analysisthatsupportedChapter1ofthisreport.Endnotes47PwCwasnotinvolvedintheselectionoftheUghthouses.2024WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsr

7、eserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.JANUARY2024PuttingSkillsFirst:OpportunitiesforBuildingEfficientandEquitable1.abourMarketsIntroductionSkillsandtalentshortagesarecriticalchall

8、engesfacingsocietiesandeconomiestoday.Theabsenceofrelevantskillsimpedesbusinessgrowth,hinderseconomicprosperityandinhibitsindividualsfromrealizingtheirfullpotential.Employersneedtorethinktheirlimitedfocusonusingeducationalachievementandpreviousexperienceasproxiesfortheskillstheyrequire.Suchanapproac

9、hperpetuatesthescarcityoftalentandexcludesmanypeoplewhowouldotherwisebehugelyvaluableintheworkplace.A*,skills-firstapproachfocusesonwhethersomeonehastherightskillsandcompetenciesforaparticularrole,ratherthanhowtheskillshavebeenacquired.Inourpreviousreport,PuttingSkillsFirst:FrameworkforAction,publis

10、hedin2023,weidentifiedtheenablersandactionsforimplementingaskills-firstapproach.Thereportfoundthatmorethan100millionpeopleinthe18globaleconomiescoveredinouranalysiswouldstandtodirectlybenefitfromaskills-firstapproach-duetobeingunderemployedintheircurrentjoborwantingtoworkbuthavinggivenuplookingforaj

11、obduetolackofhopeofsuccess.Inthisfollow-upreport,weidentifyfivespecificopportunitiesforinterventionwherethegainsfromskills-firstsolutionsaremostlikelyforemployersandworkersalike.WealsohighlightadiversesetofSkillsFirstu1.ighthouses,selectedbyanindependentexpertpanel.Thereportconcludesbyofferingkeytak

12、eawaysregardingsuccessfactorsinimplementingskills-firstapproaches.ThereportdrawsonrecentdatafromtheWorldEconomicForumsFutureofJobsSurveyandPwC,sGlobalWorkforceHopesandFearsSurveytoprovideinsightsfrombusinessesandworkersaroundtheworldabouttalenttrendsandareasforwhichtakingaskills-firstapproachcanhelp

13、themost.Aswenavigatethecomplexitiesofthefuturejobmarket,wherethedemandforcertainskillsfluctuates,embracingadynamicapproachtotalentacquisitionbecomesindispensable.Solutionssuchasaskills-basedhiringstrategyallowbusinessestostayagileandresponsivetoemergingneeds,positioningthemattheforefrontofinnovation

14、.Moreover,askills-firstapproachgoesbeyondindividualandbusinesssuccessandcancontributetobroadersocietalcohesion.Bywideningaccesstoopportunities,thisapproachalsobecomesapowerfulinstrumentinfosteringinclusivityanddiversitywithintheworkforce.Resolvinglabourshortages,bridgingskillsgapsandequippingworkers

15、withskillsforthejobsoftomorrowarekeytocreatingresilientandproductivelabourmarkets.Itisourhopethatthisreportsparksacalltoaction,inspiringorganizationsworldwidetoproactivelyembraceaskills-firstethosandtogenerategreaterproductivity,inclusivityandprosperity.ExecutiveSummaryTheneedandtheopportunitytoputs

16、killsfirsthavealigned.ForboldIeaders5theresultisbusinesstransformation.Aslabourmarketsbecomeincreasinglytightacrossadvancedeconomies,demographics,mbinedwiththegreenanddigitaltransitions,willcreateadditionaltalentshortages.Thereisavastuntappedopportunityinrecruitinganddevelopingtalentwherepeoplesskil

17、lsaremoreefficientlymatchedtotheirroles.Mostofthatopportunityisyettobeseized.Sixtypercentofbusinessessaythatskillsgapsinthelocallabourmarketholdbackthetransformationoftheirbusiness-thetopbarrierglobally.Only39%ofbusinessesreportapositiveoutlookfortalentavailabilityinthenextfiveyears,wellbehindoptimi

18、sticexpectationsregardingtalentretentionandtalentdevelopment.Whilemanybusinesseshavealreadymadestridestoreorientthedevelopmentoftheirworkforcearoundskillsneeds,fewhaveboldlyembracedmoreflexiblehiring.Skills-firstrecruitmentisnotjustahuman-resourcesproject,butthekeytotransformingbusiness.Forty-sixper

19、centofworkerssaytheirformalqualificationsarenotrelevanttotheirjob,yetonly6%ofglobalbusinessesbelievethatremovingdegreerequirementswouldimprovetalentavailabilityintheirorganization.ThesectorswhichmoststronglybelievethatflexibilityofdegreerequirementswillimproveaccesstotalentareAgricultureandNaturalRe

20、sources,Accommodation,Food,and1.eisure,AutomotiveandAerospace,andHealthandHealthcare.Businessesmustassessandrecruitfromwiderpoolsofskilledapplicantsfromatypicalindustriesanddemographics.Innovativeskills-basedassessmentsareaneffectivealternativetoprofessionalhistoryandexperience.Fifty-eightpercentofw

21、orkersbelievethattheyhaveskillsthatarenotclearfromtheirqualificationsorjobhistory,and46%believethatemployersfocustoomuchontheirjobhistoryandtoolittleontheirskills.Personalnetworksstillplaytoostrongaroleinhiringdecisions,with51%ofworkersbelievingthattheyhavemissedoutonjobsorcareeropportunitiesbecause

22、theydon,tknowtherightpeople.ThesectorsmoststronglyimplicatedareFinancialServices,InformationTechnologyandDigitalCommunications,andRetailandWholesaleofConsumerGoods.Byprioritizingskillsovertraditionalmarkersofprivilege,SkillsFirstapproachespromotemoreequitablepathwaystoworkforceparticipationbasedonwh

23、atyouknowrratherthanwhoyouknow.Askill-firstculturecanhelpemployersandworkersadapttothedigitaltransition.Fifty-eightpercentofemployeessurveyedbelievethattheskillstheirjobrequireswillchangesignificantlyinthenextfiveyearsand66%feeltheyhaveaclearsenseofhowtheskillstheirjobrequireswillchangeinthattime.Ar

24、tificialintelligence(AI)andbigdataaccountsformuchofthedisruption,followedbycreativeandanalyticalthinking-domainswhereworkersmayunderestimatethescaleofthecomingdemandsonthem.Gettingaheadofthegreentransitionrequirescompaniestoapplyskills-firstapproaches.Althoughonly16%ofmpaniesidentifygreenskillsasbei

25、ngimportanttotheirworkerstoday,42%saytheywillgrowinimportanceinthenextfiveyearsand21%willplaceastrategicfocusondevelopingthemintheirworkforce.Thirty-ninepercentofworkerssaygreenskillswillbeimportanttotheircareerdevelopmentinthenextfiveyearsand47%areconfidentthattheiremployerwillprovidethemwiththetls

26、,resourcesandopportunitiestheywillneedtobuildtheirgreenskills.Aculturalshifttoskills-firstapproachesneedsbothsponsorshipfromexecutivesandgovernancefromhuman-resourcesprofessionals.TheSkillsFirst1.ighthousesdescribedinthispaperarecasestudieswhich,takentogether,identifythekeyingredientsforsuccess.Ther

27、eisaneedforskillstobepartofthebusinessstrategy,andforleaderstotellthatstoryinternallyandtopursueculturechangealongsideprocesschange.Persistenceanditerativefeedbackarerequiredoverseveralyearsastheprogrammeexpandstogiveopportunitytoallsectorsofthebusiness.Changeshouldbeinclusiveanddatadriven,withaccou

28、ntabilityonkeyperformanceindicators.ContextApplyingskills-firstapproachescanhelpaddresstalentshortages,closeskillsgapsandboostbusinessgrowthEconomicgrowthdependsonresilientandproductivelabourmarketswhichefficientlymatchhumancapitalandtechnologytoopportunity.Yetlabourmarketsarebecomingincreasinglytig

29、htacrossadvancedeconomies.IntheUnitedStates,6.4millionunemployedworkersareoutnumberedby9.6millionjobopenings.1InEurope,2.9%ofpositionsarecurrentlyunfilled-thehighestrateeverrecorded.2Structuraldriversoftheselabourshortagesincludediminishingworking-agepopulations,compoundedbychangesinjobsandskillsdue

30、togeoenomicdevelopments,thegreentransition,andtechnologicaldevelopments.Failuretoaddresslabourshortagesmayhindereconomicgrowthandslowprogressonenvironmentalandsocialchallenges.Worldwide,only39%ofbusinessesreportapositiveoutlookfortalentavailabilityinthenextfiveyears,wellbehindoptimisticexpectationsr

31、egardingtalentretention(53%oforganizations)andtalentdevelopment(77%oforganizations).3Acrossindustries,theoutlookisparticularlychallengingfortheSupplyChainandTransportation,HealthandHealthcare,Manufacturing,andretailindustries(Figure1).Almosteveryindustryseesaccessingtalentasagreaterchallengethanreta

32、iningitordevelopingit.Shareoforganizationssurveyedreportingapositiveoutlook(%)FIGURE 1 Talentoutlook2023-2027Outlkfortalentavailability,retentionanddevelopment,byindustrySupplyChainandTransportationHealthandHealthcareManufacturingRetailandWholesaleofConsumerGoodsFinancialServicesEnergyandMaterialsIn

33、formationTechnologyandDigitalCommunicationsRealEstateEducationandtrainingCare,PersonalServicesandWellbeingAccommodation.Food,and1.eisureProfessionalServicesAgricultureandNaturalResourcesGovernmentandPublicSectorAutomotiveandAerospaceInfrastructureNon-governmentalandMembershipOrganisationsMedia.Enter

34、tainmentandSportsOrganizationsreportingaPOSitiVe.Hook2023-2027TalentavailabilitywhenhiringTalentretentionofexistingworkforceSourceWorldEconomicForum,FutureofJobsSurvey2023.Whiletheoutlookisworseinadvancedeconomies-fewerthan20%oforganizationsoperatingintheNetherlands,Sweden,BelgiumandtheCzechRepublic

35、areoptimisticabouttalentavailabilityinthenextfiveyears-theproblemisglobal.AmongorganizationsrespondingtotheForumsannualFutureofJobsSurvey,whichreportsbusinessoperationsexclusivelyoutsideofG20countries,37%hadanegativeoutlookfortalentavailabilityinthenextfiveyears.Businessesworldwidearebeingchallenged

36、todevelopfreshandcreativeapproachestogettingthetalenttheyneedtogrowandtransform.Skills-firstapproachesemphasizeapersonsskillsandmpetenciesratherthandegrees,jobhistoriesorjobtitleswhenattracting,hiring,developingorredeployingtalent(Figure2)4.Theycanbeeffectiveinclosinglabourshortages,bridgingskillsga

37、psandequippingworkerswithskillsforthejobsoftomorrow.Thisreport1)identifiesfivespecificareasofopportunitywhereapplyingskills-firstapproachescangeneratethehighestreturnsforworkersandemployersalike,and2)showcasessuccessfulexamplesofskills-firstpolicies,initiativesandprogrammesledbyemployers,governments

38、andeducationalinstitutions.FIGURE 2 AframeworkforactionActionArea1:IdentifycurrentandfutureskillsneedsandgapsandmapskillstoworktasksActionArea2:ArticulateskillsneedsinjobdescriptionsandleverageandrecognizeinnovativeskillsassessmentmethodsActionArea3:Co-developandco-deliverskills-basedtrainingprogram

39、meswithindustry,learningproviders,andgovernmentActionArea4:Boostlifelonglearningandaccesstoskills-basedlearningopportunitiesActionArea5:Createskills-basedpathwaysfordevelopmentandredeploymentSourceWorldEconomicForum,2023,PuttingSkillsFirst:AFrameworkforAction.Skills-firstopportunitiesOver60%ofsurvey

40、edbusinessesreportfacingskillsgapsthetopglobalbarriertobusinesstransformation.5Whilemanybusinesseshavebememoreskills-basedorganizations,therearefiveareasofactionandopportunitywhereskills-firststrategiesmaybemosteffectiveforworkersandemployerswhenadaptedtotheneedsofspecificsectors.2.1 Rethinkingacade

41、micrequirementstobroadentalentpoolsWorkerschangecareersmoreoftentodaycomparedtopreviousgenerations.IntheUnitedStates,oldermillennialshavechangedjobsonceevery1.9yearsoftheirworkinglives,comparedtoonceeverythreeyearsforbabyboomers,6andtherateatwhichworkersvoluntarilyleavejobshasincreasedbyalmost50%ove

42、rthepastdecade.7Astechnologyadoption,thegreentransitionandgeoeconomicpressurescontinuetoacceleratethereconfigurationoflabourmarkets,8itisincreasinglyimportanttoeaseworkersaccessintocareersdifferentfromthoseforwhichtheyoriginallytrained.50100FIGURE3Jobswhichtypicallyrequirepost-secondaryeducationOrde

43、redbytheanticipatednumberofannualopeningsintheUnitedStatesinthecomingdecadeAnnualjobopeningsMedianwageEducationalBackgrounds(0s)($,000s)(%ofthecurrentworkforce)GeneralandOperationsManagersRegisteredNursesSoftwareDevelopersAccountantsandAuditorsBusinessOperationsSpecialists,allotherElementarySchoOlTe

44、achers,exceptSpecialEducationMarketResearchAnalystsandMarketingSpecialistsManagers,allotherManagementAnalystsHumanResourcesSpecialistsFinancialManagersProjectManagementSpecialistsSendarySchoolTeachers,exceptSpecialandCareerechnicalEducationPreschoolTeachers,exceptSpecialEducationMedicalandHealthServ

45、icesManagersSubstituteTeachers,Short-termComputerandInformationSystemsManagersSalesManagersMiddleSchlTeachers,exceptSpecialandCareef/TechnicalEducationSubstanceAbuse.BehaviouralDisorder,andMentalHealthCounselorsNodegreeAssociatesdegreeBachelorsdegreeMastersdegreeDoctoralorprofessionaldegreeSourceU.S

46、.Bureauof1.aborStatistics2022-2032employmentprojections.Projectedjobopeningsrepresentopeningsduetogrowthandreplacement.Figure3showsprojectionsbytheUSBureauof1.aborStatisticsforthejobsexpectedtohavethemostopeningsinthenext10yearsandforwhichmostworkerscurrentlyhaveadegree.Forsomeprofessionsformalquali

47、ficationsremaincritical.Inthesecases,public-sectorleaders,businessesandcivilsocietymustworktogethertobroadenaccesstotherequiredqualificationsandaddressfundamentalaspectsofjobattractiveness,qualityandwages.Forotherjobs,lseningacademicrequirementsandfocusingonskillsassessmentcanstaveofflabourshortages

48、byopeningnewtalentpipelinesandsupportworkersintransitioningfromdecliningjobstogrowingjobs.Withstructuralchurnexpectedtohit23%ofjobsoverthenextfiveyears,afocusonskillscanreduceturbulenceinlabourmarkets.9Inpractice,thismeansthatemployersofferflexibilityoneducationalrequirementswhereverskillscanbeassessedinotherwaysandworkerscanaffordablyand