世界经济论坛-缩放重用模型：标准化测量指南（英）-2024.1.docx

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1、W)RLECONOMICFQRUMIncollaborationwithKearneyScalingReuseModels:AGuidetoStandardizedMeasurementWHITEPAPERJANUARY2024Images:GettyImagesContentsForeword3Executivesummary4Introduction51 Reusemeasurementparametersanddefinitions61.1 Reusemeasurementscopeandparameters:6Inclusionsandexclusions1.2 Reusedefini

2、tionsandterminology112 Reusemeasurementparametersanddefinitions172.1 Reusemeasurementguidelinesjourney172.2 Outcomesfrompilotingtheguidelines193 Calculationmodelsandmeasurementapproaches213.1 Metric1calculationapproach213.2 Metric2calculationapproach22Conclusion25Contributors26Endnotes27DisclaimerTh

3、isdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.TheviewsandopinionsexpressedhereindonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoropinionsofanymemberoftheConsumersBeyondWasteinitiativeorofanyindividualorentitymentionedinorconsultedforthisreport.Notably,themeasurementg

4、uidelineswillbecontinuallyrefined,asworkinggroupmembersarestillseekingconvergenceonseveralareasnotedinthedocument.2024WorldEnomicForum.Allrightsreserved.NopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedOrtransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsys

5、tem.January 2024ScalingReuseModels:AGuidetoStandardizedMeasurementForewordGimHuayNeoManagingDirector,WoridEnomicFo11jmRajeevPrabhakarPartner,Kearney,UnitedStatesAcceleratingtheadoptionofreuseisanimportantdrivertowardsaworldfreeofplasticpollution.Publicandprivatesectoreffortsforreusesolutionshaveincr

6、easedsignificantlyinthelastyears.Notably1leadingconsumergoodscompanieshavesetmmitmentsandimplementedplans,amidaburgeoninginnovationlandscape.NewpolicyframeworkssuchastheEuropeanUnionsPackagingandPackagingWasteRegulationandtheforthcomingUnitedNationsPlasticsTreatywillprovideadditionalballasttomainstr

7、eamreusesystems.Againstthesedevelopments,itisbecomingurgenttoharmonizethewayinwhichstandardsaresetandprogressmeasured.Afragmentedapproachintarget-settingandmeasurementwouldslowdowntheWidescaleadoptionofreusemodels,createinconsistencyinthequalityofreportingandleadtoalossofconsumerconfidence.Itiswitht

8、hisobjectiveinmindthattheWorldEconomicForumsConsumersBeyondWasteinitiativehasbeenconveningamultistakeholderworkinggroupsinceearly2022todiscussreuseguidelinesandstandards.Thiswhitepaperprovidesguidanceonstandardizedreusemeasurementandofferscorporatestakeholders,policy-makers,standardsettersandecosyst

9、emactorsaframeworktotracksuccessonreusemodels.Itistheculminationofworkinggroupmemberinputsandbasedonrecommendationsfromtheteam.Selectcompaniesinthegroupalsopilotedapreliminaryversionoftheguidelinesagainsttheirreuseactivitiestoensuretheprinciplesweretestedinreal-worldsettings.Theseguidelinesonstandar

10、dizedreusemeasurementmustbecontinuallyrefined.TheCBWinitiativewarmlywelcomesstakeholderstoprovidefeedbackandjoinourstrategicefforttofocusoncollaborativecapacitybuilding.Ourgoalistoworktowardsagoldstandardonprogressmeasurementforreusemodels.Wewishtoexpressourgratitudetoallcontributorsandinvitereaders

11、toexploreourmeasurementguidance.Pleasejoinusinthisendeavourtocutplasticpollution.ExecutivesummaryWithgovernmentsandcompaniesnowsettingreusetargets,itisessentialtostandardizehowsuccessismeasured.Thisistoavoidafragmentationintarget-settingandmeasurementapproaches,whichwouldslowdowntheWidescaleadoption

12、ofreuse.TheWorldEconomicForum,sConsumersBeyondWaste(CBW)initiativehasbeennveningaworkinggroupofleadingconsumercompaniesandnon-profitorganizationssinceearly2022tobuildaseminalguidetostandardizedreusemeasurement,withtwoprioritymetricsthatincombinationmostrobustlytrackprogressonreuse.Attheendof2022,the

13、Forumpublishedapreliminaryversionoftheguidelineswiththeprioritymetrics,parameterswithinclusionsandexclusions,andcalculationexamples.In2023,theseguidelineswerepilotedandselectcompaniesintheworkinggrouptestedthemetricsinreal-worldsettingsagainsttheirrespectivereuseactivities.Themeasurementguidelinesha

14、vebeenrefinedbasedontestingoutcomesandworkinggroupcontributionsthroughoutthepastyear.In2024,workinggroupmemberswillfocusoncollaborativecapacitybuildingandreachingconvergenceonremainingareaswithdivergentstakeholderperspectives(theseareasarehighlightedthroughoutthewhitepaper).Assuch,thisguideshouldber

15、egardedasastatusreportthatwillbeiteratedandimprovedoverthecomingyear.Ultimately,theambitionisforthesereusemeasurementguidelinestobecometheacceptedstandardforallstakeholders,whichwillsupportacceleratingtheadoptionofreusemodelsatscale.TheConsumersBeyondWasteworkinggrouponstandardizedreusemeasurementco

16、mprisesAmcor,Ca-Cola,theEllenMacArthurFoundation,Greenpeace,Nestle,PepsiCo,TerraCycIe,Unilever,WalmartandtheWorldWildlifeFund.Thewhitepaperistargetedat:- Corporatestakeholderscommittedtoexploring,enablingand/ortestingnewreusemodels,particularlywithintheconsumergoodsandretailsectors.- Policy-makersan

17、dstandard-settersseekingtobetterunderstandhowtomeasureprogressonreusemodelsandwhatmetricsshouldbeincorporatedintofuturelegislationandstandards.- Thebroadersetofecosystemactors(includingothercorporateplayers,non-profits,reusesolutionprovidersandinvestors)interestedinunderstandingthinkingtodateonstand

18、ardizedreusemeasurementandwhomaywishtoapplytheguidelinestotheirownreuseactivities.Thisdocumentprovidesasummaryofthreeareas:1. Reusemeasurementparametersanddefinitions2. Reusemetricprioritizationandpilotingoutcomes3. CalculationmodelsandmeasurementapproachesPleasenotethatinthisdocument,referencetothe

19、stakeholdergroupthathasbeencollaboratingontheguidelinesisreferredtoas*,theworkinggroup.The*,CBWcommunityreferstothebroadersetofstakeholdersthatarepartoftheinitiative.TheWorldEconomicForumreferstotheinstitutionconveningtheCBWmultistakeholdercommunityonreuse.IntroductionPublicandprivatesectormomentumf

20、orreusemodelsisgrowing,requiringastandardizedapproachtothemeasurementofprogress. Reuse has emerged as a promising solution amid the plastic waste crisis. Reusable packaging models designed to be used multiple times are pivotal to achieving a world free of plastic pollution.Theproliferationofplasticw

21、asteisharmingtheplanet,peopleandeconomies.Halfofglobalplasticproductionisforsingle-useandonly9%ofplasticsisrecycledglobally.Recyclingalonewillnotsolvetheplasticwastecrisisandinnovativesolutionsareneeded.1Asidefromthealarmingrefusefootprint,plasticproductionincreasescarbonemissionsandnegativelyimpact

22、shumanhealth.2Fromaneconomicstandpoint,single-usepackagingisinefficient,with95%ofitsvaluelostafterinitialuse,equatingto$100billionannually.3Reusehasemergedasapromisingsolutionamidtheplasticwastecrisis.Reusablepackagingmodelsdesignedtobeusedmultipletimesarepivotaltoachievingaworldfreeofplasticpolluti

23、on.TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeunderscoresitspotentialintheTurningofftheTapreport,announcingreuseasthemostpowerfulmarketshiftthatmustoccurinasystemstransformationtoendplasticpollution.Lastly,reusepresentsasignificanteconomicopportunity.Converting20%ofsingleuseplasticpackagingtoreusegloballyi

24、sestimatedtobea$10billionopportunity.4ThemostrecentmilestoneforthereusemovementistheEuropeanParliamentvotetoincludereuseprovisionsinthePackagingandPackagingWasteRegulation.HistoricUnitedNationsnegotiationsarealsounderwaytodevelopaninternationalagreementtoendplasticpollution,whichcanbolsterreusesolut

25、ions.Moreover,governmentssuchasFranceandChilehavedesignedprogressivelawsonreuse.Attheregionallevel,newextendedproducerresponsibilitylawsinCaliforniaandOregonareencouragingwastereductionandNewYorkCityisevaluatingabillthatwouldmandatefast-casualrestaurantstoservefoodinreusablecontainers.Businesseshave

26、alsostartedtomakenewcommitments,buildingadditionalmomentumforreuse.Coca-ColaandPepsiCoannouncedindustry-firsttargetsin2022toachieve20-25%reuseby2030asashareoftheirbeverageportfolios.Thestart-upinnovationecosystemcontinuestoflourish,withearlypioneerssuchasLoopandAlgramoexpandingintonewgeographicmarke

27、tsandcollaboratingwithretailersglobally.Innovativepartnershipsareplayinganinstrumentalroleinscalingreusablepackagingsystems.HavingpartneredwiththelikesofQYOSandAlnerinIndonesia,Unileverhasdevelopedanetworkofmorethan350refilloutletsinGreaterJakartaandSurabaya,dispensingproductsfrommanyofitshomecarebr

28、ands,suchasRinso,SunlightandWipol.WalmartistestingahomedeliveryservicewithLoopinArkansaswithanassortmentofproductsinreusablecontainersthroughWalmart+InHome.Nestl6ispartneringwithstart-upCircolutioninGermanytopilotofferingNesquikinstandardized,reusablecontainers.Thecombinationofgovernmentandbusinessa

29、ctivitiesisanexcitingturningpointandrepresentsakeyopportunitytoacceleratereuseprogressandstandardizemeasurement.LReusemeasurementparametersanddefinitionsThestandardizationofmeasurementrequiresaconsistentapproachtowhatconstitutesreuse.Giventhemultitudeofcontainersandcomponentsenablingreusesystems,thi

30、schapterisdividedintotwosections.Thefirstsectionprovidesanoverviewofthereusemeasurementscopeandparameters;thesecondoutlinesdefinitionsofkeyterms.Throughouttheseguidelines,thetermttshal,denotesamandatoryrequirement,whiletheterm*shouldnimpliesastrongrecommendation.1.1Reusemeasurementscopeandparameters

31、:InclusionsandexclusionsWhilereuseiscriticaltocombattingplasticpollution,thereareotherapproachesthatreducetheglobalwastefootprint.Somearelistedbelowasexcludedbutmaystillbeeffectivewaste-reductionstrategies.ReuseReuseisdefinedasanoperationbywhichacontainerisrefilledorreusedforthesamepurposeforwhichit

32、wasconceived,withorwithoutthesupportofauxiliaryproductspresentonthemarketenablingthecontainertoberefilled.ThisreflectsdefinitionsoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationandEllenMacArthurFoundation(EMF)1alongwithworkinggroupinput.ReusablecontainersThesearedesignedtoenabletheprincipalcomponent

33、stoaccomplishanumberoftrips/rotations(loops)inpredictableconditionsofuseaspartofareusesystem.Thisincludescontainersreturnedtocompaniesforrefillingandcontainersretainedbyconsumersforrefilling.Reusablecontainersshouldbedesignedtoachieveatleastthenumberofloopsrequiredtogobeyondtheenvironmentalbreak-eve

34、npointtoensuretheimpactofreusablecontainersislessthansingle-usealternatives.ReusemodalitiesThiseffortfollowsEMF,scategorization,coveringfourmodalitiesalongtwomodes:refill(containerrefilledbyconsumers)andreturn(containerreturnedtobusinesses).1. Refillathome:Consumersrefilltheirreusablecontainerathome

35、andareresponsibleformaintenance.2. Refillonthego:Consumersrefilltheirreusablecontainerawayfromhomeandensuremaintenance.3. Returnfromhome:Thecontainerispickedupandabusinessisresponsibleforcleaningandprocessing.4. Returnonthego:Consumersreturnthecontaineratadrop-offpointandabusinessisthenresponsible.F

36、IGURE1IEllenMacArthurFoundationsreusemodelcategorizationRefillPackaging refilled by userThefourreusemodelsEllenMacArthurFoundationReuseFrameworkReturnPackagingreturnedtobusinessAthomeOnthegoSource:EllenMacArthurFoundation,Reuse-rethinkingpackaging,2019.PrimarypackagingThiseffortfocusesonlyonprimaryp

37、ackaging,definedaspackagingthatcomesdirectlyincontactwiththeproduct.Allsecondaryandtertiarypackagingisexcluded.ConsumergoodsfocusThiseffortfocusesonpackagingforconsumergoodsproducts.Allothersectorswereexcludedfromtheanalysis.PackagingmaterialsTheseguidelinesarematerialagnosticwhenitcomestoreusablepa

38、ckagingmodels,solongasthecriteriasetoutbelowaremetandthepackagingitemservestomitigateplasticpollution.ReuseparametersFormodelstoqualifyasreuse,theyshouldfulfiltwoessentialcriteria:1. Reusablecontainersarepartofabroaderreusesystem,meaningthereareestablishedarrangementsensuringthepossibilityofreusesot

39、hatthecontainerisreusableinpractice.2. Reusemodelsareenvironmentallybeneficial.Reusemodelsareintendedtoreducetheoverallamountofsingle-useandvirginpackagingused.Companiesshallensurethatreusesystemsdonotinadvertentlyaddtopackagingwasteorproliferateproblematicpackaging.Therearemanycontainersandcomponen

40、tsenablingreusesystems.TheWorldEconomicForumrecommendsthefollowinginclusionsandexclusionsforwhatconstitutesreuse.Thesearebasedonarealistic,currentstateofreusesystems.Thisallowsforsomenon-reusable,butrecyclable,containersandcomponentstofacilitatereusesystemsincertaininstances.Single-usecomponentsthat

41、arenotrecyclablewillnotbecountedasreuse.Ideally,reusesystemswillevolvesuchthatallsystemcomponentsarereusable.However,theForumrecognizesthatindustrycapabilitiesandinfrastructurearenotinplacetodaytoachievethis.Topromoteatransitiontoreuse,theForumbelievestheinclusionsandexclusionsbelowbalancethegoalofr

42、educingplasticwastewiththerealitiesofcurrentbusinesscapabilities.Theinclusionsandexclusionsmayresultinsomeproductformatsnotcountingtowardsreuse.However,thesemayrepresentothercircularitytypesorachievebeneficialoutcomeslikeplasticwastereduction.Ultimately,circularsolutionsarekeytomitigatingplasticwast

43、eandcompaniesshallensureotherpackagingwastereductionapproachesdonotunderminereuseandrecycling.Thissectionrepresentsgeneralagreementfromtheworkinggroup,however,alignmentonseveraltopicsisstillsought.Theseincludeparametersforbusiness-to-bsiness(B2B)refillcontainersandauxiliaryproductcontainers.Inpartic

44、ular,thegrouphasyettoagreeonrecyclabilityrequirementsandtimeline,andmechanismstoensurepackagingwastereduction.Theworkinggroupisalsoexploringifrefillathomeshouldbereportedonseparatelyvis-a-vistheothermodalitiesuntilmeasurementabilityisimproved,asthereislessvisibilityintoconsumerbehaviourandnumberoffi

45、lls.Containersmustmeetseveralconditionsacrossasystemforareusemodeltoqualify.Theseparametersensurereusablentainersandreusesystemsleadtoplasticwastereductioncomparedtosingleuseandpreventunintendednsequencesleadingtogreatermaterialuse.FIGURE 2ReuseinclusionsandexclusionsbymodalityReusemodalityPackaging

46、typeKeyassumptionsInclusionsvsexclusionsReturnonthego2.A.1.ReusablentainerReusable(returnable)packagingcontainerSzSingle-usentainerSingle-userecyclablepackagingcontainerSingle-usenon-recyclablepackagingcontainerReturnfromhome2.A.1.ReusablecontainerReusable(returnable)packagingcontainerSingle-usentai

47、nerSingle-userecyclablepackagingcontainerSingle-usenon-recyclablepackagingcontainerRefillonthego2.A.2,B2BrefillcontainerReusable(returnableorrefillable)ntainerusedtorefilladispensersystem-e.g.containerusedbyconsumerpackagedgoods(CPG)companytorefillafddispensingsystemVSingle-userecyclablecontaineruse

48、dtorefilladispensersystem-e.g.containerusedbyCPGcompanytorefillafooddispensingsystemthatisrecyclable*Single-usenon-recyclablecontainerusedtorefilladispensersystem-e.g.containerusedbyCPGcompanytorefillafooddispensingsystemthatisnotrecyclable2.A.1.Reusablentainer(keepercontainer)Reusable(refillable)containerusedbyaconsumer-e.g.nsumerkxingsarefillablecontainerandrefillsitusingthefooddispen