世界经济论坛-产业战略的新时代：通过公私合作应对重大挑战（英）-2024.1.docx

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1、nutr；NDU1.THP-11.Oy1.NDH1.7IiAlSPrrrvbn11cjf1111CambridgeIndustrialInnovationPolicyTheNewEraofWoR1.DECONOMICFORUMIndustrialStrategies:TacklingGrandChallengesthroughPublic-PrivateCollaborationWHITEPAPERJANUARY2024Images:GettyImages.UnsplashContentsForeword3Executivesummary41 Theneweraofindustrialstra

2、tegy52 Grandchallenge1:Achievingenvironmentalsustainabilityofmanufacturing6operations,productsandsupplychains2.1 Keyissues72.2 Underdebate92.3 Casestudies93 Grandchallenge2:Enhancingsupplychaintransparencyandresilience113.1 Keyissues113.2 Underdebate134.3Casestudies134 Grandchallenge3:Acceleratingth

3、escale-upandadoptionofindustrial15technologies4.1 Keyissues154.2 Underdebate174.3 Casestudies175 Grandchallenge4:Securingthefutureofthemanufacturingworkforce195.1 Keyissues195.2 Underdebate215.3 Casestudies216 Grandchallenge5:1.inkingbusinessvaluewithsocialandenvironmental23values6.1 Keyissues236.2

4、Underdebate256.3 Casestudies25Conclusionandnextsteps27Contributors28Endnotes31DisclaimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumasaresearchcontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.Thefindings,interpretationsandconclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedandendo

5、rsedbytheWorldEomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,northeauthoringorganizations,entiretyofitsMembers,Partnersorotherstakeholders.Thementioningoffirmnamesorcommercialproductsdoesnotconstituteanendorsementbyanyoftheauthoringorganizations.2024WorldEconomicFo

6、rum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotopyingandrerdig,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.January2024TheNewEraofIndustrialStrategies:TacklingGrandChallengesthroughPublic-PrivateCollaborationForewordKivaAllgoodHead,Advanced

7、ManufacturingandSupplyChainsCentre,WorldEconomicForumNobuyaHaraguchiChief,IndustrialPolicyResearchUnit,UnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganizationCarlos1.6pez-G6mezHeadofUnit,CambridgeIndustrialInnovationPolicy,IfMEngage,UniversityofCambridgeHistorically,manufacturingindustrieshavefuelledsocialan

8、deconomicgrowth,oftenguidedbyindustrialstrategiesfromtheprivateandpublicsectors.Bytheturnofthe20thcentury,however,thepredominantdiscourseminimizedtheroleofindustrialpolicies.Arecentshift,influencedbythenewly-emergingBrussels-Beijing-WashingtonConsensus,2issteeringbacktowardsprioritizingindustrialpol

9、iciesasintegraltoeconomicdevelopment.Recognizingthepotentialofindustrialstrategiestoaddresscontemporarychallenges,suchasgeopoliticaltensions,climatechangeandtechnologicaldisruptions,globaladoptionofindustrialstrategiesdoubledwithinadecade,comprising50%ofpoliciesintheGlobalTradeAtlasby2019.3Asindustr

10、ialstrategiesregainprominence,theWorldEconomicForum,incollaborationwithCambridgeIndustrialInnovationPolicy(CIIP)attheUniversityofCambridgeandtheUnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization(UNIDO),isactivelyengagingwithgovernmentsandcompanies.Thisllaborationaimstocomprehendmodernindustrialstrategyt

11、rendsandshedlightontheopportunitiesforgovernments,theprivatesector,researchorganizationsandcivilsocietytoco-createthenextgenerationofindustrialstrategies.Thispaper,drawingfromourglobalcommunities,structuresthenversationonthefutureofindustrialstrategiesandtheopportunitiesforcollaborationbetweenpublic

12、andprivatesectors.Thegoalistocatalysedialogueonbestpractices,prioritiesandopportunities,ensuringthatindustrialstrategiescontinuetodriveinclusivegrowthamidevolvingglobaldynamics.ExecutivesummaryAdaptiveindustrialpoliciesthatachieveparitybetweensocietalandeconomicsuccessdesirecoordinatedandinclusiveap

13、proaches.FIGURE1Theworldisinaconstantstateofflux,markedbynewtechnologicalinnovations,geopoliticalshifts,andenvironmentalcrises.Industrialstrategiesarenowrecognizedasmultifacetedtools,impactingeconomic,socialandnationalsecuritydimensions.Despitediverseapproachesacrosssectorsandregions,stakeholdersfac

14、ecommonchallengesinthisneweraofindustrialstrategy.The2023WorldEconomicForumreportTheFutureofIndustrialStrategies,writtenincollaborationwithCambridgeIndustrialInnovationPolicy(CIIP)andtheUnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization(UNIDO),identifiedfivegrandchallengesthatarefundamentallyshapingthef

15、utureofindustrialstrategies.Thesegrandchallengesareenvironmentalsustainability,supplychainresilience,technologyscale-upandadoption,securingfutureworkforceskills,andlinkingsocialFivegrandchallengesforindustrialstrategiesandbusinessvalue.Thisreportdelvesintothekeyinterventionareaswherethepublicandpriv

16、atesectorleadersneedtodesignnewmechanismsforcollaborationandcoordinationifthesechallengesaretobetackledsuccessfully.Basedonaprioritiessneywith32officialsfromgovernments,companies,andresearchorganizations,expertfocusgroupswith26specialists,andacarefulcurationofcasestudies,thisreportoutlinescurrentind

17、ustrialstrategyapproaches.Emphasisisgiventoconsensus-drivenapproachesandareasofongoingdebate.Concreteexamplesserveasreferencepointsonapproachesthatcanbetaken.Thegoalistosimplifytheunderstandingofglobalchallenges,informingthedesignofnext-generationindustrialstrategiesandpromotingdialogueamongcompanie

18、s,academiaandgovernmentsonbestpractices,priorities,andtransformativeopportunitiesforchange.EnhancingsupplychaintransparencyandresilienceAcceleratingthescale-upandadoptionofindustrialtechnologies1.inkingbusinessvaluewithsocialandenvironmentalvaluesSecuringthefutureofthemanufacturingworkforceAchieving

19、environmentalsustainabilityofmanufacturingoperations,productsandsupplychainsTAB1.E1KeyprioritiesbychallengeareaKeyissuesPublicsectorprioritiesPrivatesectorprioritiesAchievingenvironmentalsustainabilityofmanufacturingoperations,productsandsupplychains-Decarbonizingwithinandacrosssupplychains-Reconcep

20、tualizingproductdesign,businessmodelsandindustrialprocessestowardscircularityandresourceefficiency-Energyefficiency-Datastandardization-Regulations-Informingconsumers-Riskoffsetting-Bolsteringaffordabilityindevelopingcountries-Increasingresourceefficiencyandmaterialsubstitution-Supplychainpartnersel

21、ection-In-houseinnovationhubs-SharingsolutionsanddataacrossthesectorEnhancingsupplychaintransparencyandresilience-Improvingtheunderstandingandend-to-endvisibilityofsupplychains-Widespreadadoptionofresilience-enhancingtechnologyAcceleratingthescale-upandadoptionofindustrialtechnologies-Fosteringnumer

22、ousrobustcollaborativelinkages-Integratingindustryperspectives-InterlinkingworkforceskillsdevelopmentandtechnologySecuringthefutureofthemanufacturingworkforce-Ensuringajusttransition-Developingaworkforcefitforthefuture-Makingtrainingmoreaffordable,accessible,andrealistic1.inkingbusinessvaluewithsoci

23、alandenvironmentalvalues-Increasedtransparencyofbusinesspractices-Centeringworkerssafety,rights,anddevelopment-Decreasinggenderdisparitiesandpromotingdiversityinthemanufacturingsector-Strengtheninginternationalcoordinationandllaboration- Restructuringessentialsupplychains- 1.ong-termvisibilityofdema

24、nd- Regulatoryframeworksonbusinesstransparency- Supportingtechnologyadoption- Stockpilingemergencyresources- Consultativebodies- Datagatheringandbenchmarking- Experimentalspaces- Internationalcollaboration- Mission-setting- Fundingtheriskypartsofinnovation- Early-Stageskillsdevelopment- Integratedap

25、proachtotechnologyandskills- Balancingstabilityandreactivity- Safetynets- Establishingtrainingrequirementsforlargefirms- Bolsteringtransparency- Regulations- Protectingworkers- Informationsharing-Adoptingresilience-enhancingtechnology- Newprofitmodels- 1.ong-termperspective- Groundedriskassessment-

26、1.iaisingwithacademia- Integratedapproachtoskillsandtechnologydevelopment- Definingtechnologypriorities- Technologyadoptionadvocacy- Developinglearningnetworks-Proactivelypartneringontrainingcurricula-Ufelonglearning-On-the-jobtrainingandre-training-Employeedialoguemechanisms-Usingtechnologyforsafet

27、yimprovements-PromotingrporatesocialresponsibilityacrosssupplychainsDTheneweraofindustrialstrategyIndustrialstrategiesareincreasinglybeingseenasacrucialtoolforeconomicadvancement.tBetween2009and2019,high-incomecountriesimplementedanaverageof95industrialpolicies,comparedtojust18inlow-tomiddle-incomec

28、ountries.Afterdecadesofmarginalizingindustrialpolicy,aparadigmshiftisrevitalizingtheroleofproactiveindustrialstrategiesacrosstheprivateandpublicsectors.Now,newproductionecosystemsarebeingintentionallycraftedtotranscendatraditionalfusonefficiencyandprofitabilityinserviceofbroadersocietal,nationalandg

29、lobalgoals.Trendsdrivingthisresurgence:Productionandsecurityintersection:Globalevents,includingtheCOVID-19pandemicandgeopoliticaluncertainties,exposedvulnerabilitiesinproductionsystems,promptingare-evaluationoftheimportanceofstrategicplanningbothingovernmentsandmpanies.Focusnowincludesenhancingprodu

30、ctioncapacity,meticuloussupplychainmapping,anddiscussionsonreshoringandnearshoringforeconomicandnationalsecurity. Greenimperative：Growingenvironmentaldisruptionsandasenseofindustryresponsibilityarereshapingbusinesspracticesandgovernmentpolicyfustowardsgreatersustainability.Climatechangeconcernsdrive

31、acollectiveefforttoadopteco-friendlyapproaches. Socialdemands:Industrialstrategyisrecognizedasessentialforcreatingfairersocieties.Increasingly,citizensdemandsustainablebusinesspracticestoaddressenvironmentalissuesandinequality,bothwithinandacrossnations. Futuretechnologies:Thegreenanddigitalrevoluti

32、onsnecessitaterapidadaptation.Stayingmpetitiverequiresbusinessesandgovernmentstoembracenewtechnologiesandcultivateafuturereadyworkforce.Globalrebalancing：Thelast20yearswitnessedtheriseofEastAsia,inparticularChina,asthenewindustrialcentreofgravity.TheshareofAsia-PacificdevelopingeconomiesinglobalGDPi

33、ncreasedthreefoldinthelast20years.4InspiredbyChinassuccess,othernationsareadoptingindustrialstrategiesthatemphasizeincreasedstateguidance,thebolsteringofmanufacturingvalueadded,andintegrationintohighervalue-addedsegmentsofglobalvaluechains.Areindustrialstrategieseffectivetoolstorespondtotoday,schall

34、enges?Recognizingthecrucialroleofproductioninnavigatinggeopoliticalturmoil,technologicaladvancementandtheclimatecrisis,industrialstrategiesoffervitalsupportanddirection.Industrialstrategiesareemergingasvitaltoolstoaddresscurrentchallenges,underpinningarangeofSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs).SDG9inp

35、articularplaysapivotalroleindrivingprogressinotherSDGsduetoitsmultipliereffectanditsinterlinkages.5Thesestrategies,therefore,arenotjustabouteconomicgrowth;theyareaboutshapingeconomiesthatcontributetoeconomicsecurity,inclusivegrowthandenvironmentalsustainability.However,therevivalofindustrialstrategi

36、esispredominantlyledbythemostindustrializednations.Between2009and2019,forinstance,high-incomecountriesimplementedanaverageof95industrialpolicies,comparedtojust18inlow-tomiddle-incomecountries.67Thisdisparityhighlightsasignificantchallenge:low-incomecountries,withfewerproductiveandcompetitivemanufact

37、uringsectors,areatadisadvantage.Theintensificationofindustrialstrategiesinadvancedeconomiescouldexacerbateglobaldivides,posingadditionalchallengesfordevelopingcountriesintheirindustrializationjourneys.Therearenoone-size-fits-allsolutions.However,withinthespecificcontextofeachcountry,itisclearthatpri

38、vatesectoreffortsaloneareinsufficient.Acollaborativeapproach,wherethestateworksintandemwithcompanies,isessentialforaprosperous,fairandsustainablefuture.Achievingvisionarygoalsrequiresalong-termcommitment,involvingtraining,infrastructuredevelopment,technologydeploymentandtradenegotiations.Respondingt

39、oglobalchallengesisanevolvingprocess,andthisreportoutlinesactionsnotonlyforimmediateneedsbutalsoforfuturetechnological,skillsandenvironmentaldemands.8Grandchallenge1:Achievingenvironmentalsustainabilityofmanufacturingoperations,productsandsupplychainsReachingkeyclimatetargetsisnotpossiblewithoutsign

40、ificantindustrialproductiontransformation.Meetingglobalclimatetargetsrequiresadrasticoverhaulofindustrialproduction.Manufacturingandconstructionareresponsibleforalargeshareofglobalgreenhousegasemissionsandotherenvironmentalissuessuchasmaterialdepletionandlandandwaterpollution.Atthesametime,theindust

41、rialsectorstandsattheforefrontofgreentechnologicalsolutionsthataddresstheurgentchallengesposedbyclimatechange.Inthepastdecade,therehasbeenanaccelerationingreentechnologicaladvancements,withmanufacturingfirmsaccountingfor60%ofgreenpatentsglobally.9Withdiverseproductionprocessesandfragmentedsupplychai

42、ns,transformingthesectorposeschallenges.Addressingthesedemandsrequiresvariedresponsesandstakeholdercoordination.Althoughthepublicandprivatesectorsdifferintheirapproaches,someconsensusemergesonwhatindustrialstrategiescandoforenvironmentalsustainability.&Financialincentivesandtaxbreakscanfurtherencour

43、agecompaniestoadoptenergyefficienttechnologiesandpractices.DecarbonizingwithinandacrosssupplychainsSinceemissionreductiongoesbeyondampanysoperationalprocesses,effectivedecarbonizationdemandssystemiccollaboration.Supplychainemissions,averaging11timeshigherthanoperationalemissions,underscoretheneedfor

44、acomprehensiveapproach.10Decarbonizingproductionrequiresactionateverysupplychainlevel,fromrawmaterialstofinaldisposal.Thisextensivetaskinvolvesdatacollectionandspecificactions,likecertificationschemesorinternalmetrics.Industrialstrategiesguideresourceallocationformappingandsecuringpublicsupplychains

45、,enhancingvisibilityforprivatesectororganizations.Reconceptualizingproductdesign,businessmodelsandindustrialprocessestowardscircularityandresourceefficiencyTheprevailingshort-termprofit-focusedeconomicmodelrequiresafundamentalshiftinbusinessandproductionpracticesforasustainablefuture.Centraltothistr

46、ansformationisthemovefromalineartoacircular,low-carbonmodel.Circularproductioninvolvestransitioningtorenewable,recyclableorbiodegradableinputs.Effortsincludeextendingproductvaluethroughupcycling,redesigningforrepairs,andcombatingplannedobsolescence.Embracinganaccessandperformancemodellikeproductleas

47、ing,asincarsharingprogrammes,reducesoverallproduction.EnergyefficiencyBoostingtheenergyefficiencyofindustrialprocessesisuniversallyrecognizedasakeydecarbonizationstrategy.Successfulcasesdemonstratethatsubstantialefficiencygainsarenotonlypossiblebutoftenexceedexpectations.Regnizingtheuseofpublicandprivatestandardsasabenchmark,suchasMinimumEnergyPerformanceStandardsand1.abelsfordesigningenergyefficientappliancesortheISO50001EnergyManagementSystemsstandardsforindustrialoperation,governmentscanincentivizeadherencetointernationalenergyefficiency