世界经济论坛-缩放重用模型：标准化测量指南（英）-2024.1.docx

W)RLECONOMICFQRUMIncollaborationwithKearneyScalingReuseModels:AGuidetoStandardizedMeasurementWHITEPAPERJANUARY2024Images:GettyImagesContentsForeword3Executivesummary4Introduction51 Reusemeasurementparametersanddefinitions61.1 Reusemeasurementscopeandparameters:6Inclusionsandexclusions1.2 Reusedefinitionsandterminology112 Reusemeasurementparametersanddefinitions172.1 Reusemeasurementguidelinesjourney172.2 Outcomesfrompilotingtheguidelines193 Calculationmodelsandmeasurementapproaches213.1 Metric1calculationapproach213.2 Metric2calculationapproach22Conclusion25Contributors26Endnotes27DisclaimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.TheviewsandopinionsexpressedhereindonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoropinionsofanymemberoftheConsumersBeyondWasteinitiativeorofanyindividualorentitymentionedinorconsultedforthisreport.Notably,themeasurementguidelineswillbecontinuallyrefined,asworkinggroupmembersarestillseekingconvergenceonseveralareasnotedinthedocument.©2024WorldEnomicForum.Allrightsreserved.NopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedOrtransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.January 2024ScalingReuseModels:AGuidetoStandardizedMeasurementForewordGimHuayNeoManagingDirector,WoridEnomicFo11jmRajeevPrabhakarPartner,Kearney,UnitedStatesAcceleratingtheadoptionofreuseisanimportantdrivertowardsaworldfreeofplasticpollution.Publicandprivatesectoreffortsforreusesolutionshaveincreasedsignificantlyinthelastyears.Notably1leadingconsumergoodscompanieshavesetmmitmentsandimplementedplans,amidaburgeoninginnovationlandscape.NewpolicyframeworkssuchastheEuropeanUnion'sPackagingandPackagingWasteRegulationandtheforthcomingUnitedNationsPlasticsTreatywillprovideadditionalballasttomainstreamreusesystems.Againstthesedevelopments,itisbecomingurgenttoharmonizethewayinwhichstandardsaresetandprogressmeasured.Afragmentedapproachintarget-settingandmeasurementwouldslowdowntheWidescaleadoptionofreusemodels,createinconsistencyinthequalityofreportingandleadtoalossofconsumerconfidence.ItiswiththisobjectiveinmindthattheWorldEconomicForum'sConsumersBeyondWasteinitiativehasbeenconveningamultistakeholderworkinggroupsinceearly2022todiscussreuseguidelinesandstandards.Thiswhitepaperprovidesguidanceonstandardizedreusemeasurementandofferscorporatestakeholders,policy-makers,standardsettersandecosystemactorsaframeworktotracksuccessonreusemodels.Itistheculminationofworkinggroupmemberinputsandbasedonrecommendationsfromtheteam.Selectcompaniesinthegroupalsopilotedapreliminaryversionoftheguidelinesagainsttheirreuseactivitiestoensuretheprinciplesweretestedinreal-worldsettings.Theseguidelinesonstandardizedreusemeasurementmustbecontinuallyrefined.TheCBWinitiativewarmlywelcomesstakeholderstoprovidefeedbackandjoinourstrategicefforttofocusoncollaborativecapacitybuilding.Ourgoalistoworktowardsagoldstandardonprogressmeasurementforreusemodels.Wewishtoexpressourgratitudetoallcontributorsandinvitereaderstoexploreourmeasurementguidance.Pleasejoinusinthisendeavourtocutplasticpollution.ExecutivesummaryWithgovernmentsandcompaniesnowsettingreusetargets,itisessentialtostandardizehowsuccessismeasured.Thisistoavoidafragmentationintarget-settingandmeasurementapproaches,whichwouldslowdowntheWidescaleadoptionofreuse.TheWorldEconomicForum,sConsumersBeyondWaste(CBW)initiativehasbeennveningaworkinggroupofleadingconsumercompaniesandnon-profitorganizationssinceearly2022tobuildaseminalguidetostandardizedreusemeasurement,withtwoprioritymetricsthatincombinationmostrobustlytrackprogressonreuse.Attheendof2022,theForumpublishedapreliminaryversionoftheguidelineswiththeprioritymetrics,parameterswithinclusionsandexclusions,andcalculationexamples.In2023,theseguidelineswerepilotedandselectcompaniesintheworkinggrouptestedthemetricsinreal-worldsettingsagainsttheirrespectivereuseactivities.Themeasurementguidelineshavebeenrefinedbasedontestingoutcomesandworkinggroupcontributionsthroughoutthepastyear.In2024,workinggroupmemberswillfocusoncollaborativecapacitybuildingandreachingconvergenceonremainingareaswithdivergentstakeholderperspectives(theseareasarehighlightedthroughoutthewhitepaper).Assuch,thisguideshouldberegardedasastatusreportthatwillbeiteratedandimprovedoverthecomingyear.Ultimately,theambitionisforthesereusemeasurementguidelinestobecometheacceptedstandardforallstakeholders,whichwillsupportacceleratingtheadoptionofreusemodelsatscale.TheConsumersBeyondWasteworkinggrouponstandardizedreusemeasurementcomprisesAmcor,Ca-Cola,theEllenMacArthurFoundation,Greenpeace,Nestle,PepsiCo,TerraCycIe,Unilever,WalmartandtheWorldWildlifeFund.Thewhitepaperistargetedat:- Corporatestakeholderscommittedtoexploring,enablingand/ortestingnewreusemodels,particularlywithintheconsumergoodsandretailsectors.- Policy-makersandstandard-settersseekingtobetterunderstandhowtomeasureprogressonreusemodelsandwhatmetricsshouldbeincorporatedintofuturelegislationandstandards.- Thebroadersetofecosystemactors(includingothercorporateplayers,non-profits,reusesolutionprovidersandinvestors)interestedinunderstandingthinkingtodateonstandardizedreusemeasurementandwhomaywishtoapplytheguidelinestotheirownreuseactivities.Thisdocumentprovidesasummaryofthreeareas:1. Reusemeasurementparametersanddefinitions2. Reusemetricprioritizationandpilotingoutcomes3. CalculationmodelsandmeasurementapproachesPleasenotethatinthisdocument,referencetothestakeholdergroupthathasbeencollaboratingontheguidelinesisreferredtoas*,theworkinggroup".The*,CBWcommunity"referstothebroadersetofstakeholdersthatarepartoftheinitiative.TheWorldEconomicForumreferstotheinstitutionconveningtheCBWmultistakeholdercommunityonreuse.IntroductionPublicandprivatesectormomentumforreusemodelsisgrowing,requiringastandardizedapproachtothemeasurementofprogress. Reuse has emerged as a promising solution amid the plastic waste crisis. Reusable packaging models designed to be used multiple times are pivotal to achieving a world free of plastic pollution.Theproliferationofplasticwasteisharmingtheplanet,peopleandeconomies.Halfofglobalplasticproductionisforsingle-useandonly9%ofplasticsisrecycledglobally.Recyclingalonewillnotsolvetheplasticwastecrisisandinnovativesolutionsareneeded.1Asidefromthealarmingrefusefootprint,plasticproductionincreasescarbonemissionsandnegativelyimpactshumanhealth.2Fromaneconomicstandpoint,single-usepackagingisinefficient,with95%ofitsvaluelostafterinitialuse,equatingto$100billionannually.3Reusehasemergedasapromisingsolutionamidtheplasticwastecrisis.Reusablepackagingmodelsdesignedtobeusedmultipletimesarepivotaltoachievingaworldfreeofplasticpollution.TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeunderscoresitspotentialintheTurningofftheTapreport,announcingreuseasthemostpowerfulmarketshiftthatmustoccurinasystemstransformationtoendplasticpollution.Lastly,reusepresentsasignificanteconomicopportunity.Converting20%ofsingleuseplasticpackagingtoreusegloballyisestimatedtobea$10billionopportunity.4ThemostrecentmilestoneforthereusemovementistheEuropeanParliamentvotetoincludereuseprovisionsinthePackagingandPackagingWasteRegulation.HistoricUnitedNationsnegotiationsarealsounderwaytodevelopaninternationalagreementtoendplasticpollution,whichcanbolsterreusesolutions.Moreover,governmentssuchasFranceandChilehavedesignedprogressivelawsonreuse.Attheregionallevel,newextendedproducerresponsibilitylawsinCaliforniaandOregonareencouragingwastereductionandNewYorkCityisevaluatingabillthatwouldmandatefast-casualrestaurantstoservefoodinreusablecontainers.Businesseshavealsostartedtomakenewcommitments,buildingadditionalmomentumforreuse.Coca-ColaandPepsiCoannouncedindustry-firsttargetsin2022toachieve20-25%reuseby2030asashareoftheirbeverageportfolios.Thestart-upinnovationecosystemcontinuestoflourish,withearlypioneerssuchasLoopandAlgramoexpandingintonewgeographicmarketsandcollaboratingwithretailersglobally.Innovativepartnershipsareplayinganinstrumentalroleinscalingreusablepackagingsystems.HavingpartneredwiththelikesofQYOSandAlnerinIndonesia,Unileverhasdevelopedanetworkofmorethan350refilloutletsinGreaterJakartaandSurabaya,dispensingproductsfrommanyofitshomecarebrands,suchasRinso,SunlightandWipol.WalmartistestingahomedeliveryservicewithLoopinArkansaswithanassortmentofproductsinreusablecontainersthroughWalmart+InHome.Nestl6ispartneringwithstart-upCircolutioninGermanytopilotofferingNesquikinstandardized,reusablecontainers.Thecombinationofgovernmentandbusinessactivitiesisanexcitingturningpointandrepresentsakeyopportunitytoacceleratereuseprogressandstandardizemeasurement.LReusemeasurementparametersanddefinitionsThestandardizationofmeasurementrequiresaconsistentapproachtowhatconstitutesreuse.Giventhemultitudeofcontainersandcomponentsenablingreusesystems,thischapterisdividedintotwosections.Thefirstsectionprovidesanoverviewofthereusemeasurementscopeandparameters;thesecondoutlinesdefinitionsofkeyterms.Throughouttheseguidelines,thetermttshal,denotesamandatoryrequirement,whiletheterm*shouldnimpliesastrongrecommendation.1.1Reusemeasurementscopeandparameters:InclusionsandexclusionsWhilereuseiscriticaltocombattingplasticpollution,thereareotherapproachesthatreducetheglobalwastefootprint.Somearelistedbelowasexcludedbutmaystillbeeffectivewaste-reductionstrategies.ReuseReuseisdefinedasanoperationbywhichacontainerisrefilledorreusedforthesamepurposeforwhichitwasconceived,withorwithoutthesupportofauxiliaryproductspresentonthemarketenablingthecontainertoberefilled.ThisreflectsdefinitionsoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationandEllenMacArthurFoundation(EMF)1alongwithworkinggroupinput.ReusablecontainersThesearedesignedtoenabletheprincipalcomponentstoaccomplishanumberoftrips/rotations(loops)inpredictableconditionsofuseaspartofareusesystem.Thisincludescontainersreturnedtocompaniesforrefillingandcontainersretainedbyconsumersforrefilling.Reusablecontainersshouldbedesignedtoachieveatleastthenumberofloopsrequiredtogobeyondtheenvironmentalbreak-evenpointtoensuretheimpactofreusablecontainersislessthansingle-usealternatives.ReusemodalitiesThiseffortfollowsEMF,scategorization,coveringfourmodalitiesalongtwomodes:refill(containerrefilledbyconsumers)andreturn(containerreturnedtobusinesses).1. Refillathome:Consumersrefilltheirreusablecontainerathomeandareresponsibleformaintenance.2. Refillonthego:Consumersrefilltheirreusablecontainerawayfromhomeandensuremaintenance.3. Returnfromhome:Thecontainerispickedupandabusinessisresponsibleforcleaningandprocessing.4. Returnonthego:Consumersreturnthecontaineratadrop-offpointandabusinessisthenresponsible.FIGURE1IEllenMacArthurFoundation'sreusemodelcategorizationRefillPackaging refilled by userThefourreusemodelsEllenMacArthurFoundationReuseFrameworkReturnPackagingreturnedtobusinessAthomeOnthegoSource:EllenMacArthurFoundation,Reuse-rethinkingpackaging,2019.PrimarypackagingThiseffortfocusesonlyonprimarypackaging,definedaspackagingthatcomesdirectlyincontactwiththeproduct.Allsecondaryandtertiarypackagingisexcluded.ConsumergoodsfocusThiseffortfocusesonpackagingforconsumergoodsproducts.Allothersectorswereexcludedfromtheanalysis.PackagingmaterialsTheseguidelinesarematerialagnosticwhenitcomestoreusablepackagingmodels,solongasthecriteriasetoutbelowaremetandthepackagingitemservestomitigateplasticpollution.ReuseparametersFormodelstoqualifyasreuse,theyshouldfulfiltwoessentialcriteria:1. Reusablecontainersarepartofabroaderreusesystem,meaningthereareestablishedarrangementsensuringthepossibilityofreusesothatthecontainerisreusableinpractice.2. Reusemodelsareenvironmentallybeneficial.Reusemodelsareintendedtoreducetheoverallamountofsingle-useandvirginpackagingused.Companiesshallensurethatreusesystemsdonotinadvertentlyaddtopackagingwasteorproliferateproblematicpackaging.Therearemanycontainersandcomponentsenablingreusesystems.TheWorldEconomicForumrecommendsthefollowinginclusionsandexclusionsforwhatconstitutesreuse.Thesearebasedonarealistic,currentstateofreusesystems.Thisallowsforsomenon-reusable,butrecyclable,containersandcomponentstofacilitatereusesystemsincertaininstances.Single-usecomponentsthatarenotrecyclablewillnotbecountedasreuse.Ideally,reusesystemswillevolvesuchthatallsystemcomponentsarereusable.However,theForumrecognizesthatindustrycapabilitiesandinfrastructurearenotinplacetodaytoachievethis.Topromoteatransitiontoreuse,theForumbelievestheinclusionsandexclusionsbelowbalancethegoalofreducingplasticwastewiththerealitiesofcurrentbusinesscapabilities.Theinclusionsandexclusionsmayresultinsomeproductformatsnotcountingtowardsreuse.However,thesemayrepresentothercircularitytypesorachievebeneficialoutcomeslikeplasticwastereduction.Ultimately,circularsolutionsarekeytomitigatingplasticwasteandcompaniesshallensureotherpackagingwastereductionapproachesdonotunderminereuseandrecycling.Thissectionrepresentsgeneralagreementfromtheworkinggroup,however,alignmentonseveraltopicsisstillsought.Theseincludeparametersforbusiness-to-bsiness(B2B)refillcontainersandauxiliaryproductcontainers.Inparticular,thegrouphasyettoagreeonrecyclabilityrequirementsandtimeline,andmechanismstoensurepackagingwastereduction.Theworkinggroupisalsoexploringifrefillathomeshouldbereportedonseparatelyvis-a-vistheothermodalitiesuntilmeasurementabilityisimproved,asthereislessvisibilityintoconsumerbehaviourandnumberoffills.Containersmustmeetseveralconditionsacrossasystemforareusemodeltoqualify.Theseparametersensurereusablentainersandreusesystemsleadtoplasticwastereductioncomparedtosingleuseandpreventunintendednsequencesleadingtogreatermaterialuse.FIGURE 2ReuseinclusionsandexclusionsbymodalityReusemodalityPackagingtypeKeyassumptionsInclusionsvsexclusionsReturnonthego2.A.1.ReusablentainerReusable(returnable)packagingcontainerSzSingle-usentainerSingle-userecyclablepackagingcontainer×Single-usenon-recyclablepackagingcontainer×Returnfromhome2.A.1.ReusablecontainerReusable(returnable)packagingcontainerSingle-usentainerSingle-userecyclablepackagingcontainer×Single-usenon-recyclablepackagingcontainer×Refillonthego2.A.2,B2BrefillcontainerReusable(returnableorrefillable)ntainerusedtorefilladispensersystem-e.g.containerusedbyconsumerpackagedgoods(CPG)companytorefillafddispensingsystemVSingle-userecyclablecontainerusedtorefilladispensersystem-e.g.containerusedbyCPGcompanytorefillafooddispensingsystemthatisrecyclable*Single-usenon-recyclablecontainerusedtorefilladispensersystem-e.g.containerusedbyCPGcompanytorefillafooddispensingsystemthatisnotrecyclable×2.A.1.Reusablentainer(keepercontainer)Reusable(refillable)containerusedbyaconsumer-e.g.nsumerkxingsarefillablecontainerandrefillsitusingthefooddispen