如何写SCI文章-论文写作常用句型与语法.docx

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1、写隹常用句型芍过渡再落英语的句型千姿百态，就像个词可以有许多同义词一样，i种句型也可以有许多具有相同意思但不同模式的类型。我们只有对这些变化多端的句型千锤百炼，烂熟于心，才能在具体运用时应付自如，随意调遣。因此，在日常训练中，应多做一些句型之间的转换、不同句式的造句练习及相同句式不同意思的翻译等等。以下的就是各种并排的句型和造句。1.表示开头的句型例文Withthedevelopmentoftraffictools,thecommunicationbetweenusbecomesmoreandmorefrequent.Nomatterwhereyourfriendsandrelativesli

2、ve,itisalwaysveryeasytopayavisittothemifyouwouldlike.Therefore,whenyoumeetanold,WiththeIrapid-amazingmarkedriendonastrangestreedevelopmentincreasegrowthexpansiont,youmayexclaim:Oh,whatasmallworld.ofeconomy,Chinahasbecomeincreasinglyprosperous例文Withthehelpofthecomputer,thisprojectwascompletedmuchearl

3、ierthanplanned.Withawillofironandaheartoflove,MotherTeresaservedthedyinganddesperateinIndiaandaroundtheworld.Somepeoplebelievesaymaintainadvocateadviseholdthinkclaimthat.,whileotherssaybelievemaintainthinkclaimadvocateargueproposethat.例文Somepeoplesaythemostimportantelementtosuccessistheluck,whileoth

4、ersclaimitishardwork.Thereisnodoubtthatsuccessfulpeopletakeadvantageofopportunities.Butifamandoesnothingbutwaitforthechancetocomewillachieveanythingbutsuccess.Nowpeopleingrowingincreasingnumbersarebeginningrealizerecognizeunderstandacceptbeawarethat.例文Nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarecomingtorecognizetha

5、tthebusinessspirit,whichcarriesinitstorrentialcoursesomanyofthetalentsandenergiesofmenintomoney-making,hasshapedourcultureandinfluencedouridealsandaspirationsasapeople.Forsometime.,ithasbeen.例文ForsometimeinthepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabiesandotherCreaturesIearntodothingsbecausecertainactslead

6、torewards:andthereisnoreasontodoubtthatthisistrue.Butitusedalsotobewidelybelievedthateffectivereward,atleastintheearlystages,hadtobedirectlyrelatedtosuchbasicPhySiOlOgiCal（生理）drivesasthirstorhunger.Inotherwords,ababywouldIeamifhegotfoodordrinkofsomesortofphysicalcomfort,nototherwise. Accordingtorece

7、ntsurvey,therehaveoccurred.pollstudyreportIresearch例文AccordingtoaWorldwideWildlifeFundreport,by1970,onlyabout4,500tigerssurvivedthroughouttheworld-halfoftheminIndia.asfaras.isconcerned就来说Whenitcomesto.Inthecaseof例文Inthecaseofman,thedifficultieswiththeenvironmentalconceptareevenmorecomplicatedbecause

8、wehavetodealwithmanasananimalandwithmanasabearerofculture. Researchershaveestablishedthat.provedindicatedshowndeclaredclaimedfoundannouncedImadeitknown例文age. It has beenResearchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognit

9、iveareassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofwellknownthat人们发现，据报道，据估计believedfoundprovedreportedestimateddemandedagreed例文Itisagreedthattheyenjoymakingnoises,andthatduringthefirstfewmonthsoneortwonoisessortthemselvesoutasparticularlyindicativeofdelight,distress,sociability,andsoon.Butsince

10、thesecannotbesaidtoshowthebabysintentiontocommunicate,theycanhardlyberegardedasearlyfromsoflanguage.Itisagreed,too,thatfromaboutthreemonthstheyplaywithsoundsforenjoyment,andthatbysixmonthstheyareabletoaddnewsoundstotheirrepertoire.Aproverbsays.AstheoldChinesesayinggoes.Manypeopleoftenaskthisquestion

11、.Asweallknow.AsfarasIknow.常言道中国有句古话许多人常提出这个问题据我所知Variousviewsexistasto.Itgoeswithoutsaying.Noonecandenythat.Thereisnodoubtthat.Wemustrecognizethat.Whatismoreseriousisthat.Othersmayfindthistobetrue,butIdonot.Ibelievethat.关于有许多说法人们都成认毫无疑问我们必须认识到更为严重的是别人也许觉得这个主张是正确的,但我不,我认为WemightmarvelatInspiteOfVdesp

12、ilethegreatgiantextraordinarytremendousprogressstrideadvancemadeinscienceandtechnologynearlyeveryfield,but.remainbasicallyunchangedthesameasitwasas.asevertheywere例文Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson,showoftenwehearweareusedtohearingmanypeoplehaveheardsuch

13、statementwordscomplaintThatshowonecollegestudentofficialhousewifefatherdescribedcommentedcomplainedcriticizedknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyears,educationistshavestillfailedtodeviseanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.asthis例文,111hav

14、elearntincollegeisjunk.*Thatshowonecollegegraduatedescribedhisfrustrationinlookingforajob.Heishardlyaloneintheexperience.Actuallytherearethousandsofcollegegraduateswhocomplainthatthedegreetheytookawaycanthelpthemtosecurearewardingjob,andtheknowledgetheyacquiredinclasscantbetransformedintousefuljobsk

15、ills.,daskWhyhave.?Manypeopleoftenposeraisethequestionlikethis例文Whydoestheideaofprogressloomsolargeinthemodernworld?,Manypeopleoftenaskthequestionlikethis.Surelyitisbecauseprogressofaparticularkindisactuallytakingplacearoundusandisbecomingmoreandmoremanifest.Althoughmankindhasundergonenogeneralimpro

16、vementinmorality,ithasmadeextraordinaryprogressinknowledgeandtechnology.PerhapSMaybeweshoulditistimetorethinkreexaminehaveafreshlookattheideavalueattitudewisdomdesirabilityof.Oneofthebiggestissueshottesttopicsmostpopularthingsmostseriousproblemsmanypeopletalkcomplainargueaboutnowis例文Oneofthemostpopu

17、lartopicsmanycityresidentstalkaboutnowisthetideoftheruralpoorfloodingthecities.Theycomplainthatthemigrantshavebroughtcrimeandprostitution,thattheyareputtingpressureonpopulationcontrolandsocialorder:(hattheyarethreateningtotakealreadyscarcecityjobsandexacerbatinghousingshortages;andthattheyhaveworsen

18、edtrafficandsanitationproblems.True,thesearetheproblemsposedbythemigration,butwhataboutthecontributiontheruralworkershavemadetothecity,sdevelopmentandprosperity?OneofthesearchingburningpressinginterestingexcitingurgentproblemsquestionsfacingconfrontingournationSodetyworldtodayis.例文Oneofthebasicquest

19、ionsfacingoursocietytodayis:Whatpromiseorthreatdoesnewtechnologyholdforourglobalfuture?Sincethedecisionoursocietymakesabouttechnologicaldevelopmentwillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequencesintheyearstocomeitisurgentlynecessarytoexplorethisquestion,especiallybyexaminingscienceandtechnologyintheirrelat

20、ionshiptothedevelopmentofhumanity.ThereisapublicgeneralmuchconsiderabledebatediscussioncontroversyargumentnowadaystodayatpresentIconcerningonaboutoverastotheproblemof.Thosewhocriticizeopposeobjecttocontendarguesaymaintainthat.NowPerhapsNowadays,themostdangerousundesirableharmful.forournationsocietyw

21、orldcollegeisthetrendtendencyphenomenonof.whichisapparentobviousevidentpervasivein.rampantunderway例文 Allreliable datastatistic evidence scientific observations available information undoubted factspile up to show justify points tolend support tothefactviewthat.例文All available evidence points to the

22、fact that more and more young people are declaring their allegiance to traditional values. Traditional weddings seem to be making a comeback, for example. But this is only a partial, not a complete, reversal.。attribute ascribeowetheincrease decrease changeto. These factors, coupled with theof.growth

23、 change recognition realizationManyfactorsVariousI SeVeral heavily greatly例文Two factors weigh heavily againstlead to contribute to result in helpforagainst in favor ofthe effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the generalperhapsmostdangerousforournationnowistheofficialcorruptionwhi

24、chisrampantinnearlyeveryfieldofoursociety.Onceourofficialswerecontentwithtelevisionsetsorimportedcigarettesaspaymentforofficialservices,theynowdemandlandrights,stockcertificates,andevendirectlydollars.atmosphereofsecrecyinwhichitiscarriedout,theotherthelackoffreedomoftheindividualresearchworker.Inso

25、farasanystudyisasecretone,itnaturallylimitsallthoseengagedincarryingitoutwitheffectivecontactwiththeirfellowscientists.Recentlytheriseinphenomenonofproblemofquestionsof.hasdrawn/arousedcaused/arousedloomeduppublicpopulargravewide/general/considerableworld-wideattcntionconccrn例文Recently,thealarmabout

26、theproblemoftheuseofgenetictechnologiesonhumanbeingshavecausedwidepublicconcern,andunderstandablyso.Withnuclearenergythreateningglobalcatastropheandwithsomanyothertechnologicaladvancesvisiblydamagingthequalityoflife,whowouldwishtohavescientiststamperingwithmansinnernature?Indeed,fearofsuchmanipulati

27、onmayarouseevenmoreanxietythanfearofdeath.Inrecentfewyearsthepastfewdecades,thereishasbeenasharp/marked/increase/growth/rise/in.number/percentage/proportion/populationofdeclinesudden/dramaticastonishing/increasing/sizable例文Inrecentyears,thereisanincreasingnumberofpeople,especiallyyoungpeople,whoshow

28、littleinterestincorrectingsocialinequalitiesandinjustices.Accordingtoanationalpolllastyear,eighteentotwenty-nineyear-oldsagreedbylargepercentagesthatyoungpeopletodayarelessidealistic1andmoreselfish,andthattheyarelessconcernedwiththeproblemsofsocietythanwiththeirownpersonalfuture.RecentlyNowadaysCurr

29、entlyInthepastfewyearsSofar,therehasbeenageneralwidespreadgrowingwidely-heldconcernworryrealizationbelieftrendfeelingattitudethatRecentlytheproblemissuequestionof.hasbeenintheIimelight/broughtintofocusbroughtpublicattentionposedamongthegeneralpublic例文Theproblemofdevelopmentvs.environmenthasnowbeenin

30、thelimelight.NowhereistheclashmorevisiblethaninChina,wheretheworldslargestpopulationfacespollution,deforestationandacidrainonalargescale.HowdoyouWhatdoyouDoyoueverthinkof.?HowdoyouWhatdoyouDoyoueversee.? Inanswertothesequestions,wemust.reply例文Howdowethinkoftheheavyburdenastudenthastocarryfromkinderg

31、artenthroughgraduateschool?Howdowemeasuresuccessineducation?Howdoeseducationaffectnotonlylabourskillsbutthequalityoflife?Inseekinganswerstosuchquestions,thereismuchroomindeednecessityforconsiderationandrobustdebate. Theybelievethat.Butpeoplewhoadvocate，ontheotherhand,favourmaintainassertthat例文Therei

32、smuchdiscussiontodayaboutwhetherfasteconomicgrowthisdesirable.Thosewhocriticizeeconomicgrowtharguethatwemustslowdown.Theybelievethatsocietyisapproachingcertainlimitsongrowth.Theseincludethefixedsupplyofnaturalresources,andthepossiblenegativeeffectsofindustryonthenaturalenvironment.Peoplewhowantmoree

33、conomicgrowth,ontheotherhand,arguethatevenatthepresentgrowthratetherearestillmanypoorpeople.illustrateprovethispoint,letusconsideraskwhyshowlookfirstatdevelopargumentThereis/areacommonbeliefthatreasonwhyapopularbeliefthatmanyfactorsthatnodenyingthat例文Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsareno

34、longerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriorityitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyand

35、confidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling?curiousinterestingunusualconsiderabletremendousparadoxdiscoveryfindingnaturalinteresting例文Ifsveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversityistakingplace.Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.HereattheCollegeFund,wehavealo

36、tofcontactwithtopcorporateleaders;noneofthemistalkingaboutgettingridofthoseinstrumentsthatproducediversity.Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompeteintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.Manyauthorshavearguedfor.Wefind/feel/knowthat例文Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevi

37、tabilityofwarfromthepremise,thatinthestrugglefbrexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.is.ThequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableTheconcept/questionofe

38、nvironmentThesignificance/importanceof.例文Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworldsgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompeti

39、tion,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.2.表示承上启下、段落开展的句型maybeexpressedasfollows:VVemaycitequotementiontakepointouthavepossessansinglecommonanotheradditionalextrafurtherexampleofTheopinionideaviewtheorymaybesupportedprovedbornoutbyfactsdet

40、ailsstatisticsthefactthatTherearevariousmanydifferentseveralanumberofavarietyofagreatmanyeffectscausesreasonsimplicationsviewsargumentsforthissharpdramaticmarkedsignificantextraordinarydecreasefallgrowthchangedeclineincreaseinFirstly,SecondlyFinally,例文Everyswordhastwoblades.Problemsdoexistinsomecoll

41、egestudentstwo-dayweekend.SomeLazystudentsmayspendmostofthetimesleeping,doingnothingelse.Somemayheaddictedtoplayingcards,drinking,leavingtheirhomeworkfaraway.Therefore,thetwo-dayweekendcanbringnothingusefultothem.Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyexplanationofphenomenonseveralcomplexcomplicatedinter

42、relatedfactorsreasonsForonethingSome9ForanotherOthersStillanotherStillothers例文(a)Thefactorsforabigriseintheteenagesmokingarecomplex.Someattributeittotheincreasedstandardoflivingwhichenableskidstohavemorepocketmoneythaneverbefore,othersplacetheblameontheneglectfulparentswhotolerateandsometimesevenenc

43、ouragetheirkidssmoking.StillotherscomplainofthesharpincreaseincigaretteadvertisingandtobaccoimportswhichgiveyoungpeopleeasyaccesstoMarlboro,KentandParliament.Whateverthecauses,onlyparticularexternal.例文(b)TheadvantageoftheeducationsysteminJapanisthatstudentsthereIeamthesocialskillofcooperation.Anothe

44、radvantageisthattheylernmuchmoremathandsciencethanmostAmericanstudents.TheyalsostudymorehourseachdayandmoredayseachyearthantheirNorthAmericancounterpartsdo.Thesystemisdemanding,butitprepareschildrenforasocietythatvaluesdisciplineandself-control.Thereare,however,disadvantages.Foronething,manystudents

45、saythatafteranexam,theyforgetmuchoftheinformationtheymemorized.Foranother;theextremelydemandingsystemputsenormouspsychologicalpressureonstudents,andisconsideredaprimaryfactorinthehighsuiciderateamongJapaneseschool-agechildren.Whyis.?例文WhyisAmericalaggingbehindintheglobalPRrace?First,Americansasawhol

46、etendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.Secondly,AmericanslagbehindtheirEuropeanandAsiancounterpartsinknowingasecondlanguage.Lessthan5percentofBurson-MarshallsU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages.Whyhavearedid？Foronething,OnereasonisForanother;AnotherreasonisPerhapsthemostimportantreasonis.