分子生物学导论.ppt
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1、现代分子生物学导论,生物学三大基石,细胞学说进化论基因论,现代分子生物学,遗传中心法则与组学 遗传信息传递的基本规律分子生物学研究内容生物大分子结构与功能生物大分子的相互作用 分子生物研究技术蛋白质、核酸分析技术蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用蛋白质-核酸相互作用工具酶的应用生物信息学核酸、蛋白质数据库,遗传中心法则,基因信息的流向、基因表达的环节与调控的不同水平;DNA所占的中心位置;RNA是信息表达的体现;蛋白质执行生物学功能。基因工程的基本原理!生命的起源?,Genome(cells repertoire of DNA),Transcriptome(cells repertoire of RNA
2、transcripts),Proteome(cells repertoire of proteins),单个基因,单个细胞,中心法则,组学,基因组、转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组之间的关系,基因组学是基础、转录组学是信息、蛋白质组学是功能、代谢组学是结果。,7,关于RNA,1961年,发现DNA依赖的RNA聚合酶,1968年,提出RNA是最早的信息分子,19821983年,发现核酶,1986年,提出“RNA world”,1947年,RNA第一次被描述,1968年,提出中心法则,21世纪分子医学发展的主要领域,分子诊断基因治疗生物工程药物,分子生物学研究的重要领域举例,遗传中心法则基因表达调控细胞信
3、号转导(均涉及生物大分子的相互作用),附:科学家,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins,including the nucleic substances,Albrecht Kossel Germany University of Heidelberg Heidelberg,Germanyb.1853d.1927,The Nobel P
4、rize in Chemistry 1902in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses,Hermann Emil Fischer Germany Berlin University Berlin,Germanyb.1852d.1919,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962for their studies of the structures of globular proteins,Max Ferdina
5、nd PerutzMRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge,United Kingdom John Cowdery KendrewMRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge,United Kingdom,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates,Luis F.Leloir Argentina I
6、nstitute for Biochemical Research Buenos Aires,Argentina b.1906d.1987,Linus Pauling,Linus Pauling(1901-1994)was one of the first quantum chemists and was awarded the Nobel Prize for describing the nature of chemical bonds.,Frederick Sanger,Portrait of Frederick Sanger(b.1918),British biochemist and
7、double Nobel Laureate.Sanger was educated at Cambridge,gaining his doctorate in 1943.In 1951 he started work at the Medical Research Council,and in 1955 he published the complete amino acid sequence of bovine insulin,the first protein to be sequenced.This won Sanger his first Nobel,the 1958 Prize fo
8、r Chemistry.Building on this,Sanger pioneered new methods of establishing base sequences in DNA using restriction enzymes.In 1977,he and his team published a DNA base sequence for the virus Phi X 174.This work led to Sanger sharing the 1980 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.Photo taken in 1992.,The Nobel Pr
9、ize in Chemistry 1958for his work on the structure of proteins,especially that of insulin,Frederick Sanger United Kingdom University of Cambridge Cambridge,United Kingdomb.1918,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies,Gerald
10、M.EdelmanRockefeller University New York,NY,USA Rodney R.PorterUniversity of Oxford Oxford,United Kingdom,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity,Susumu Tonegawa Japan Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)Camb
11、ridge,MA,USA,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972for his work on ribonuclease,especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformationfor their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of t
12、he active centre of the ribonuclease molecule,Christian B.Anfinsen Stanford Moore William H.Stein,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses,Hermann Emil Fischer Germany Berlin University Berlin,Germanyb.185
13、2d.1919,Watson and Crick,The discoverers of the structure of DNA.James Watson(b.1928)at left and Francis Crick(1916-2004),with their model of part of a DNA molecule in 1953.Crick&Watson met at the Cavendish Laboratory,Cambridge,in 1951.Their work on the structure of DNA was performed with a knowledg
14、e of Chargaffs ratios of the bases in DNA and some access to the X-ray crystallography of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin at Kings College London.Combining all of this work led to the deduction that DNA exists as a double helix.Crick,Watson and Wilkins shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiolog
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