2025年高级翻译实践真题集及答案解析精选.docx

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1、.11一、英译汉TheGapBetweenRichandPoorWidenedinU.S.CapitalWashingtonD.C.ranksfirstamongthe40citieswiththewidestgapbetweenthepoorandtherich,accordingtoarecentreportreleasedbytheD.C.FiscalPolicyInstituteonJuly22nd.Thetop20percentofhouseholdsinD.C.haveanaverageyearlyincomeof$186,830,31timesthatofthebottom20p

2、ercent,whichearnsonly$6,126peryear.TheincomegapisalsobiginAtlantaandMiami,butthedifferenceisnotaspronounced.Thereportalsoindicatesthatthewideninggapoccurredmainlyduringthe1990s.Overthelastdecade,theaverageincomeofthetop20percentofhouseholdshasgrown36percent,whiletheaverageincomeofthebottom20percenth

3、asonlyrisen11Ibelievetheconcentrationofthemiddle-tohigh-incomefamiliesintheD.C.areawillcontinue,therefore,theincomegapbetweenrichandpoorwillbehardtobridge,1DavidGarrisontoldtheWashingtonObserver.GarrisonisaseniorresearcherwiththeBrookingsInstitution,specializinginthestudyofthesocialandeconomicpolici

4、esinthegreaterWashingtonD.C.area.ThereportattributedthepersistentincomegapinWashingtontothearea,sspecialjobopportunities,whichattracthigh-incomehouseholds.EspeciallysincethefederalgovernmentisbasedinWashingtonD.C.,Governmentagenciesandothergovernmentrelatedbusinessessuchaslobbyingfirmsandgovernmentc

5、ontractorsconstantlyofferhigh-payingjobs,whichcontributetothetrendofincreasinghigh-incomehouseholdsintheD.C.area.Forexample,asingleyoungprofessionalworkinginalawfirminD.C.canearnasmuchas$100,000inhisorherfirstyearoutoflawschool.Inaddition,high-qualityhousingavailableinWashingtonD.C.isoneofthemainrea

6、sonswhyhigh-incomefamilieschoosetolivehere,whilemiddleandlow-incomefamilies,iftheycanaffordit,choosetomoveoutofWashingtonD.C.totheVirginiaandMarylandsuburbssothattheirkidscangotobetterschools,statedGarrison.nAsrichfamiliescontinuetomoveintoD.C.andmiddleandlow-incomefamiliesaremovingout,thepoorestfam

7、iliesareleftwithnowheretomove,orcannotaffordtomove.Thiscreatesthesituationwefacenow:ahugeincomegapbetweentherichandpoor.*TheWashingtonD.C.areatowhichGarrisonrefersistheDistrictofColumbiacityitself,notincludingthegreaterWashingtonmetroarea.nThegreaterWashingtonmetroareahasalargepopulationofabout5mill

8、ion,butthelow-incomehouseholdsareoftenconcentratedinD.C.proper,1Garrisonexplained.TonyBlalock,thespokespersonforMayorAnthonyWilliams,saidresignedly,nNomatterwhatweseemtodotobringinvestmentintotheDistrict,acertainpopulationisnotabletoaccesstheuniqueemploymentopportunitiesthere.Thegapbetweentherichand

9、pooristheproductofcomplexforces,andwontbefixedovernight.GarrisonbelievesthattheD.C.governmentshouldattracthigh-incomefamilies.Bydoingso,theDistrictstaxbasecangrow,whichinturncanhelpimproveD.C.,sinfrastructure.Butinthemeantime,theDistrictgovernmentshouldalsotakeintoconsiderationtherightsofthepoor,set

10、upgoodschoolsforthem,andprovidesoundsocialwelfare.Allthesemeasurescanalleviatethediresituationcausedbyincomedisparity.11Garrison,however,isnotoptimisticaboutthepossibilityofclosingthegapbetweentherichandpoor.Heisparticularlydoubtfulthatcurrenteconomicprogresswillbeabletohelpoutthepoor.nBush,stax-cut

11、plandidbringaboutthiswaveofeconomicrecovery,andtheworkingprofessionalsandrichdidbenefitfromit.Itisunfairtosaythattheplandidnothelpthepooratall.itjustdidn,tbenefitthemasmuchasitdidtherich,nGarrisonsaid.nTheworkingclassinAmerica,thosewhodothesimplestwork,getpaidtheleast,anddutifullypaytheirtaxes,hasno

12、tbenefitedfromBush,stax-cutplanmuch.1Garrisonconcludes,11AlotofcitiesinAmericadidnotenjoythepositiveimpactoftheeconomicrecovery.WashingtonD.C.,ontheotherhand,hasalwaysbeenshelteredbythefederalgovernment.ThewidegapbetweenrichandpoorintheDistrict,therefore,deservesmorein-depthstudyandexploration.参照答案美

13、国首都贫富不均状况加重美国首都独立研究机构华盛顿特区财政政策研究院DCFiscalPolicyInstitute于7月22日公布的一份其最新的研究汇报显示华盛顿特区的贫富差距居全美40个大都会区之冠20%最富有的家庭其年收入高达$186,830美元是20%最贫穷家庭年收入仅$6,126美元的31倍。虽然亚大兰大和迈阿密两市的贫富差距与华盛顿相称但其贫富不均的状况却不如华盛顿明显。汇报指出华盛顿特区贫富差距逐渐加大重要是发生在90年代。在过去十年中20%最富有的家庭其年收入增长了36倍而20%最贫穷家庭的年收入仅仅增长了3倍。“我认为中高收入家庭过度集中在特区的状况仍然会持续下去在未来十年内贫富

14、鸿沟恐怕难以拉近”布鲁金斯学院BrookignsInstitution专攻大华盛顿地区经济和社会形势的高级研究员大卫盖立森DaivdGarrison对华盛顿观测周刊说道。这份汇报将华盛顿特区的贫富鸿沟归咎于当地特殊的工作机会。而这些工作往往会吸引高收入家庭搬到此地。尤其是华盛顿也是美国联邦政府的所在地而联邦政府和与政府有关的行业如院外游说团体和政府合约承包商等等不停提供高薪工作也使得华府的高收入家庭有不停增长的趋势。举例来说一种独身的年轻专业人士从法学院毕业后在华府的律师事务所服务第一年的年收入可高达$100,000美元。“此外华盛顿特区也提供高品质的住宅high-qualityhousing

15、这也是为何高薪家庭选择在华府居住的主因之一”盖立森分析道“而一般中低收入家庭在有余力的状况下为了孩子可以上很好的学校而选择搬离华盛顿特区移至分布于马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州的住宅区。”“在高收入家庭不停迁移到特区、中低阶层的家庭移出而最贫穷的家庭又面临无处也无力可搬的窘境时就导致我们目前看到的贫富悬殊的华盛顿特区”盖立森对华盛顿观测周刊说到。盖立森此处所指的华盛顿特区指的是约有56万人口的都市DistrictofColumbia自身不包括整个华盛顿大都会区GreaterWashingtonMetroArea”整个华盛顿大都会区人口高达500万人但低收入户却只往华盛顿特区集中”他尤其解释道。“不管我们

16、怎样努力吸引商家到华盛顿特区投资华府有一部分的低收入家庭就是无法从中受惠没有措施得到特区独特的高薪工作机会。”华盛顿市长办公室发言人托尼布拉克TonyBullock说“贫富差距的背后许多复杂的原因是不能在一夕之间就变化的。”他言谈间颇有对特区的贫富悬殊无可奈何之叹。盖立森则认为特区政府确实应当吸引高收入家庭到特区居住由于这样可以带来更多税收对市政建设有积极作用。“但同步特区政府也应当重视穷人的权益设置好的学校、提供健全的社会福利等等这些市政措施都能有效地改善特区严重的贫富不均状况。”但盖立森对未来贫富差距与否真能拉近不是十分乐观他尤其对这波经济复苏是不是能协助到穷人保持怀疑的态度“布什的减税方

17、案虽然带动了美国这波经济复苏有工作的人和富人确实享有到不少好处但对穷人的协助虽然不能说是完全没有也只能说是不如富人的获益高”盖立森分析道“美国一般的工薪族workingclass也就是那些做初级工作、拿最低工资、老诚实实缴税的人实在没有从布什的减税案得到太大益处。”盖立森总结说“美国许多都市并没有享有到美国经济好转所带来的积极价值但华盛顿特区一直以来受到联邦政府的庇佑它贫富悬殊的状况仍然如此严重确实值得深入的研究和检讨。”汉译英25年来中国坚定不移地推进改革开放社会主义市场经济体制初步建立开放型经济已经形成社会生产力和综合国力不停增强各项社会事业全面发展人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性

18、跨越。从1978年至的25年间中国经济年均增长9.4%o25年前中国年国内生产总值为1473亿美元去年已到达14000多亿美元。25年前中国年进出口贸易总额为206亿美元去年已到达8512亿美元。25年前中国外汇储备为1.67亿美元去年已到达4033亿美元。目前中国经济总量居世界第六进出口贸易总额居世界第四。中国之因此可以发生这样巨大的变化最关键的原因是我们一直坚持走中国特色社会主义道路一直坚持改革开放激发了全体人民的积极性、积极性、发明性。中国虽然获得了很大的发展成就但中国人口多底子薄生产力不发达发展很不平衡生态环境、自然资源与经济社会发展的矛盾比较突出。虽然中国人均国内生产总值已经突破I(

19、X)O美元但仍排在世界一百位后来。中国要实现现代化使全体人民都过上富裕生活还需要进行长期不懈的艰苦奋斗。我们已经明确了本世纪头的奋斗目的这就是全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会到实现国内生产总值比翻两番到达4万亿美元人均国内生产总值到达3000美元使经济愈加发展、民主愈加健全、科教愈加进步、文化愈加繁华、社会愈加友好、人民生活愈加殷实。参照译文OVerthepast25years,Chinahasbeenfirmlypressingaheadwiththeimplementationofthereformprogramandtheinitiativeofopeninguptotheou

20、tsideworld.Withtheestablishmentofapreliminarysocialistmarketeconomy,andthenation,seconomyattaininganoutward-orientedperspective,theproductiveforcesandthecomprehensivenationalcompetencehavebeenontherisingcurveconstantly.Andvarioussocialundertakingshavebeendevelopinginfullswing.ThelivingstandardoftheC

21、hinesepeopleasawholehasundergoneahistoricalleapfromasubsistenceleveltothelevelofmoderateprosperity.Inthe25yearsbetween1978and,theannualgrowthrateofChina,seconomywasrunningatanaverageof9.4percent,withitsGDPjumpingfrom147.3billionUSdollarstoover1.4trillionUSdollars.25yearsago,China,sforeigntradevaluea

22、ndforeignexchangereserveseachstoodat20.6billionand167millioninUSdollars,butlastyeartheyshotupto851.2billionUSdollarsand403.3billionUSdollarsrespectively.Chinahasnowbecomethesixthlargesteconomyandthefourthlargesttraderintheworld.ThetremendouschangesinChinaareattributedtothefactthatwehaveadheredtothep

23、athofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandperseveredinourreformandopeningendeavors,whichbroughtintofullplaytheChinesepeople,sinitiative,enthusiasmandcreativeness.ThoughChinahasscoredimpressiveachievementsinitsdevelopment,wemustnotlosesightofourproblems:overpopulation,aweakeconomicfoundation

24、,underdevelopedproductivity,highlyunevendevelopment,andthefairlysharpcontradictionsbetweenthecountry,secologicalenvironmentandnaturalresourcesontheonehandanditseconomicandsocialdevelopmentontheother.China,spercapitaGDP,thoughreachingtherecordhighof1,000USdollarslastyear,stillrankswellbehindthe100thp

25、laceintheworld.TorealizeChina,smodernizationprogramandofferalltheChinesepeopleaprosperouslifethereisyetanuphillbattletofight.Wehavealreadysetourvisionforthefirst20yearsofthiscentury,whichinvolvesthebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyofahigherstandardinanall-roundwayforthebenefitofwelloveronebilli

26、onChinesepeople.BytheGDPwillbequadrupledfromthefigureofto4trillionUSdollars,withthepercapitalevelaveragingat3,000USdollars.Bythenthenationwillbeimmersedinanambienceofgreatersocialharmonywithanimprovedqualityoflifeforthepeople,featuringamoredevelopedeconomy,moresounddemocracy,morethrivingcultureandmo

27、readvancedscienceandeducation.5月一、英译汉Freedbywarming,watersoncelockedbeneathicearegnawingatcoastalsettlementsaroundtheArcticCircle.InBykovsky,avillageof457peopleonRussia,snortheastcoast,theshorelineiscollapsing,creepingcloserandclosertohousesandtanksofheatingoil,atarateof15to18feetayear.nItispractica

28、llyallice-permafrost-anditisthawing.ForthefourmillionpeoplewholivenorthoftheArcticCircle,achangingclimatepresentsnewopportunities.Butitalsothreatenstheirenvironment,theirhomesand,forthosewhosetraditionsrelyontheice-boundwilderness,thepreservationoftheirculture.ApushtodeveloptheNorth,quickenedbytheme

29、ltingoftheArcticseas,carriesitsownrewardsanddangersforpeopleintheregion.ThediscoveryofvastpetroleumfieldsintheBarentsandKaraSeashasraisedfearsofcatastrophicaccidentsasshipsloadedwithoiland,soon,liquefiedgaschurnthroughthefisheriesoffScandinavia,headedtomarketsinEuropeandNorAmerica.Landthatwasuntouch

30、edcouldbetaintebypollutionasgenerators,smokestacksandlargevehiclessprouttosupportthegrowingenergyindustry.CoastalerosionisaprobleminAlaskaaswell,forcingtheUnitedStatestopreparetorelocateseveralInuitvillagesataprojectedcostof$100millionormoreforeachone.AcrosstheArctic,indigenoustribeswithtraditionssh

31、apedbycenturiesoflivinginextremesofcoldandicearenoticingchangesinweatherandwildlife.Theyaretryingtoadapt,butitcanbeconfounding.InFinnmark,Norway,snorthernmostprovince,theArcticlandscapeunfoldsinlatewinterasanendlesssnowyplateau,silentbutforthecriesofthereindeerandtheoccasionalwhineofasnowmobileherdi

32、ngthem.AchangingArcticisfeltthere,too.nThereindeerarebecomingunhappy,1saidEira,a31-year-oldreindeerherder.FewcountriesrivalNorwaywhenitcomestoprotectingtheenvironmentandpreservingindigenouscustoms.Thestatehaslavisheditsoilwealthontheregion,andSamiculturehasenjoyesomethingofarenaissance.Andyetnoamoun

33、tofgovernmentsupportcanconvinceEirathathislivelihood,intractablyentwinedwiththereindeer,isnotabouttochange.LikeaTexascattleman,hekeepsthesizeofhisherdsecret.Buthesaidwarmertemperaturesinfallandspringweremeltingthetoplayersofsnow,whichthenrefreezeasice,makingitharderforhisreindeertodigthroughtothelic

34、hentheyeat.nThepeoplewhoaremakingthedecisions,theyarlivinginthesouthandtheyarelivingintowns,*saidEira,sittinginsidehishomemadeofreindeerhides.nTheydon,tmarkthechangeofweather.Itisonlypeoplewholiveinnatureandgetresourcesfromnaturewhomarkit.n气彳房变暖本来压在冰层下面的水自由流动正侵蚀着北极圈附近沿岸的居民点。毕考夫斯基村是一种有457口人的村庄地处俄罗斯东北

35、部沿海一种鳍形半岛的顶端。那里的海岸正在瓦解离房屋和取暖用油的油罐越来越近后撤的速度是每年18英尺即5-6米。每年夏季冰继续融化最终家园将会消失整个毕考夫斯基村也许也将不复存在。“几乎到处是冰一一永冻土一一目前却在融化。”生活在北极圈以北的400万俄罗斯人在许多方面感受到气候变暧的影响。气候变化带来新的机遇但同步也威胁着他们的环境威胁着他们家园的稳定对那些以冰雪荒原为其老式之根基的人来说也威胁着他们文化的生存。开发北方的步伐因北极海域的冰融化而加紧。这对当地百姓来说既会带来好处也会带来危险。巴伦支海和喀拉海大油田的发现增长了人们对劫难性事故的恐惊由于不停有满载石油或液化气的船只穿过斯堪的纳维亚

36、半岛沿海的渔场驶往望眼欲穿的欧洲和北美市场。伴随发电机、大烟囱和大型运送工具不停涌现以支持能源工业的发展过去人迹罕见的地方也许会遭受空气和水污染。海岸的侵蚀在阿拉斯加也是一种问题迫使美国准备将沿岸好几处因纽特人的村庄迁往他处估计每迁一种村子要耗资一亿美元。在北极圈内当地部落数百年来生活在寒冷与冰雪之中并形成了自己的文化老式。目前他们感受到气候和野生动物的变化试图适应这种状况但不知怎样是好。在挪威最北边的芬马克省北极风光在冬末展现出来是一望无际的冰雪高原一片沉寂只能听到驯鹿的叫声和偶尔传来的放牧人摩托雪橇的嗡嗡声。北极的变化在这里也能感受到不过方式不一样。“驯鹿变得不如此前自在了31岁的养鹿人伊

37、萨特?艾伊拉说。在保护环境和保留地方习俗方面没有几种国家能与挪威相比。挪威把大量的石油收入用于这一地区使得萨米文化仿佛经历了一场文艺复兴。然而不管政府给以多大的协助也无法使艾伊拉相信他那与驯鹿交错在一起的生活眼下不会发生变化。跟得克萨斯州的养牛人同样他对他的牲畜数量保密。不过他说秋季和春季温度升高将表层积雪融化随即又冻成冰这使他的驯鹿隔着冰层难以吃到地衣。艾伊拉说“决策人都住在南边住在都市里。他们不注意天气的变化。只有在大自然里讨生活的人才注意天气的变化。”他是坐在家里的火炉边说这番话的火炉里烧的是桦木。他的家是用驯鹿皮搭成的这种居所叫做“拉屋”。二、汉译英维护世界和平增进共同发展寻求合作共赢

38、是各国人民的共同愿望也是不可抗拒的当今时代时尚。中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜坚持走和平发展道路与世界各国一道共同致力于建设一种持久和平、共同繁华的友好世界。中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国政府把中国人民的主线利益与各国人民的共同利益结合起来坚持奉行防御性的国防政策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略和安全战略意在维护国家安全统一保证明现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目的。中国永远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定的坚定力量。中国在经济不停发展的基础上推进国防和军队现代化是适应世界新军事变革发展趋势、维护国家安全和发展利益的需要。中国不会与任何国家进行军备竞赛不会对任何国家构成军事威胁。新世纪新阶段中国

39、把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针积极推进中国特色军事变革努力实现国防和军队建设全面协调可持续发展。.11一、英译汉Forallthenaturalandman-madedisastersofthepastyear,travelersseemmoredeterminedthanevertoleavehome.NevermindthetsunamidevastationinAsialastDecember,therecentearthquakeinKashmirorthesuicidebombingsthisyearinLondonandBali,amongotherplacesono

40、roffthetouristtrail.Thenumberofleisuretravelersvisitingtouristdestinationshitbytroublehasinsomecasesbouncedbacktoalevelhigherthanbeforedisasterstruck.nThisnewfastrecoveryoftourismweareobservingiskindofstrange,1saidJohnKoldowski,directorfortheStrategicIntelligenceCenteroftheBangkok-basedPacificAsiaTr

41、avelAssociation.nItmakesyouthinkabouttheadagethatanypublicityisgoodpublicity.nItisstilltoosoontocompileyear-on-yearstatisticsforthedisastersofthepast12months,buttravelindustryexpertssaythatthebroadtrendsarealreadyclear.Leisuretravelisexpectedtoincreasebynearly5percentthisyear,accordingtotheWorldTour

42、ismandTravelCouncil.nTourismandtravelnowseemtobouncebackfasterandhighereachtimethereisaneventofthissort,1saidUfiIbrahim,vicepresidentoftheLondon-basedWorldTourismandTravelCouncil.ForLondon,wheresuicidebomberskilled56andwounded700onJuly8,shesaid,Itwasalmostasifpeoplewhostayedawayafterthebombattackthe

43、ndecidedtocomebacktwice.Earlyindicatorsshowthatthesameholdstrueforotherdisaster-struckdestinations.StatisticscompiledbythePacificAsiaTravelAssociation,forexample,showthatmonthlyvisitorarrivalsinSriLanka,wheretheDec.26,tsunamileftmorethan30,000peopledeadormissing,werehigherthanoneyearearlierforeverym

44、onthfromMarchthroughAugustofthisyear.AcasecommonlycitedbytravelprofessionalsasanearlyexampleofthetrendisBali,where202peoplewerekilledinbombingstargetingWesterntouristsinOctober.Visitorarrivalsplungedto993,000fortheyearafterthebombing,butbouncedbackto1.46millionin,alevelhigherthanthetwoyearsbeforethe

45、bomb,accordingtothePacificAsiaTravelAssociation.EvenamongAustralians,whosufferedtheworstcasualtiesintheBalibombings,thenumberofBali-boundvisitorsbouncedbackwithintwoyearstothehighestlevelsince1998,accordingthePacificAsiaTravelAssociation.Baliwashitagainthisyearbysuicidebomberswhokilled19peopleinexpl

46、osionsatthreerestaurants.Visitsarealsoontheupswingtopost-tsunamiThailand,wherethegiantwaveskilled5,400andleftmorethan5,000missing.Althoughthetsunamikilledmorethan500SwedesontheThairesortislandofPhuket,thelargestnumberofanyforeignnationalitytodie,Swedesarereturningtotheislandinlargernumbersthanlastye

47、ar,accordingtoMyTravelSweden,aStockholm-basedgroupthatsends600,000touristsoverseasannuallyandclaimsa28percentmarketshareforSweden.nWewereconfidentthatThailandwouldeventuallybouncebackasadestination,butwedidn11tthinkthatthisyearitwouldcomebackevenstrongerthanlastyear,1saidJoakimEriksson,directorofcom

48、municationforMyTravelSweden.nWewereverysurprisedbecausewereallyexpectedasignificantdecline.1ErikssonsaidMyTravelnowexpectsa5percentincreaseinvisitorstobothThailandandSriLankathisseasoncomparedwiththesameseasonlastyear.Thisbehaviorisasharpchangefromthepatternsofthe1990s,Erikssonsaid.DuringthefirstGul

49、fwarwesawasharpdropintravelasawhole,andthesameafterSept.11,11Erikssonsaid.nNowthemainimpactofterrorismordisastersisachangeindestination.尽管去年发生了许多自然灾害和人为的灾害不过旅游者比以往愈加坚决地出门旅行。虽然去年12月亚洲的海啸产生了巨大的破坏力近来克什米尔发生了地震伦敦和巴厘岛出现了自杀性炸弹袭击游客却毫不在意无论在旅游路线上的地点或其他地方与否有危险。在某些状况下受到劫难影响的旅游地区吸引的游客人数迅速反弹甚至比劫难发生之前的数量还多。“我们正在关注的这种新状况也就是旅游业迅速回升是有一点奇怪。”总部设在伦敦的太平洋亚洲旅游协会战略情报中心主任约翰考尔多斯基说道“这使你想到那句老话就是-任何宣传都不赖。”虽然整顿过去12个月的劫难年度数据还为时尚早不过旅游业专家指出目前旅游业发展总的趋势是清晰明确的。世界旅游协会指出今年休闲旅游预期增长约5o“每次一有劫难发生旅游业目前仿佛反弹得更快旅游人数比灾害前更高。”