第16讲 语法过关一（谓语动词及非谓语动词）（教师版）.docx

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1、recent1.y等状谱以及since和for引导的状语从句连用.Hehasbeenwri(ingartic1.es(othenewspaperssincehebecameateacher.自从任教以来，他-直在为报刊撰稿，考点2动诃的语态I.被动语态的构成被动谱态由“助动词bcA过去分诃构成.助动词BeM在主语的人称、数和句子时态的不同而变化.现在过去将来过去将来一般is/am/arcdonewas/wcrcdonewi1.1.sha1.1.bedonewou1.d,shu1.dbedone进行isa11,arcbeingdonewawercbeingdoneWiuZShaHbebeingd

2、oneWouIdZshiMiIdbebeingdone完成have.asbeendonehadbeendoneWiIVshaIIhavebeendoneWoUId/shou1.dhavebeendone2.主动形式农被动意义(1)“系动词1.ook,soundfee1.,sme1.bcaste等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构.Thestee1.Se1.SCOk1.钢换起来很凉.动诃need.require.want.beworth后加动诃-in?形式的主动结构表被动意义.MywatchCarf1.work;itneedsrepairing.我的手去不能用了，需要修了。某些可和We1.I,Oisi

3、iy等副词连用的不及物动词，1.read,write.draw,wash,c1.ean.COOkse1.1.等。Ny1.onc1.eansCiiEiIy.尼龙容易清洗.单句语法填空(DThepansofamuseumopentothexb1.ic(ca1.1.)ga1.1.eriesorrooms.TheartistWaSsurehewou1.d(choose),butwhenhepresentedhisnaseriece(otheenpcrorchiefminister,theo1.dman1.aughed.Andasmorechi1.drenwerebom.morefbx1.(need).

4、jTisEng1.ishsayinghasmuchtrthini(：(hebestp1.ace(surround)byour1.ovedonesandwitharoofoverourhead.On(he1.astdayofourweek-1.ongs1.ay.We(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifu1.farmon(heNorthShoreunderthestars.Iis1.eningtomusiciansandnec(ingin1.ercs1.ingkxra1.s.【答案】!.arcca1.1.ed2.bech。SCn3.wasneeded4

5、.issurnndcd5.wcrcinvited考点3主调一致主训一致是指训语动词在人称和数上和主语一改，-般遵循三个原则，即：语法一致原则意义一致原则和就近一致原则.I.语法一致原则主语的单或数淡定了谓语动词的单更数。(I)动名词动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.要么是你或齐你的,名学生招出席明天的会议.(2)Hithere,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和呆邻近的主语保持一致。Therearethreebooksandape

6、nonthedesk.桌子:有二本书和一支钢宅.维句语法填空ftc11.on1.yasma1.1.panofamuseumco1.1.ection(be)ondisp1.ay.ThiSisWhydecoratingwithp1.ains,fruitsandf1.owers(Cany)specia1.significance.Thisrea1.1.yexcitesscientists.Car1.ePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,obccauscit(mean)Wehavethechance(oobtaininfbmationabouthowthe

7、moon(const,ct).”(笄案I.is2.carries3.11cans4.isconstructed防堂炼习I.单句语法填空1. I(do)myhomeworkwhensomeoneknockeda(thedoor.2. Thena1.1.Ry1.cewas1.ookingforwardto(be)tobeab1.etoseeWdbirSappearance.3. ThCtwins,who(finish)theirhomework,werea1.1.owedtop1.aybadmintwinthep1.ayground.4. Thesedams(cosiruc)sode1.icate

8、1.ythat(hey1.ookmore1.ikeIheworkofmanthanof1.itt1.edumbbeasts.5. However,api1.eofce1.1.sdoesno(find)asaresu1.tofthisef1.ort.【答案】!.wasdoing2.wa3.hdtnishcd4.arcconstructcd5.are6.ispmctscd7.taught8.is9.hasgrown!().werefoundH语法填空Mybestfrie1.Kaiyais1.ikene.SheI.(remind)meofmyse1.f.Inthepast.I2.(bc)ncvcrc

9、onfidentbecauseofmyappcarancc.Pcop1.ca1.ways1.aughedamyweight,myheight,myhairsty1.e,etc.Atthattime.Iwastheshorteststudentinmyc1.ass.1.startedgettingdcprcsscd.Howcvcr.someoneto1.dmeSOme1.hingthatJwi1.1.a1.waysremember.ItwasinMarCh.Surroundedbyagroupofgir1.swho3.(point)atmeand1.aughedatme,1cou1.dnthe1

10、.pcrying.The1.eanro1.1.eddownnyface1.ikearushingriver.Tomysurprise,someoneIif1.edmyheadupandwipedthe(earsfrommyeye.I(henknewi(WaSorEng1.ishteacher.Miss1.i.Sbesaid,“you4,(be)perfectthewayyouan?.Youshou1.dneverchangeorha1.eVourseI1.PeopIc5.(atCeP1.)youforwhoyou6.(be).Butifyoucannodo不能Bt于句首.Inordertopa

11、sstheexamheworkedhard,为了通过考试,他努力学习*TokeepIhcmse1.vcsawake,(heysa1.onIhCf1.oorand(o1.deachothers1.ricsinIUnVbyIUm.为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事.(2M乍结果状语.我示出乎意料的结果，经常与OnIy连用.Wchumcdtothestation,on1.ytobeto1.dthatthetrainhadICft.我们急匆匆赶到车站.结果被告知火车开走【名师指津】不定式作结果状语时.通常表示出乎意料的结果,而现在分词表示自然而然的结果.FootbaHisp1.ayeda1.1

12、.overthewor1.d,makingitthemostpopu1.arsport.世界各地的人们都在踢足球,使足球成了最受欢迎的运动.(3徘原因状语。形容词或过去分词作表语时.后面可按不定式作原因状语常见词有：happy,1.ucky,sorry-proud,disappointed,surprised.ready,de1.ighted,c1.ever,foo1.ish,p1.easedWereproudtobeyoungpeop1.eofChina.作为中国青年我们感到自豪.3 .独立主格结构(I构成：名词/代词+形容词，副词，介词短语/现在分词，过去分词/不定式(2啾点：独立主格结构

13、的逻辑主谱与句子的主语不同,它独立存在：独立主格结构中作逻辑Ei吾的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主调或动其关系：它表示调语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴明情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。Theworkdonc(=Aftcrtheworkhidbeendone.wewenthome.Weatherpermitting-Ifweatherpermits),theywi1.1.goonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.Hewas1.yingOnIhegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishea,isaverynicep

14、ersontoworkWnh.亨利是个很好共事的人.2 .动词一仙g形式作定语单个的动词一ing形式一般作前置定语，动词一ing短语一般作后置定语。表示用途的是动名词，说明名诃的性防、特征.强调动作的是现在分词.as1.eepingcar(=acarors1.eeping)as1.eepingchi1.d(=achi1.dwhoiss1.eeping)theboystandingthere!theboywhoisstandingthere)Doyouknowtheboyta1.king!=whoista1.king)totheteacher?3 .动词一ed形式作定语动词一直!形式作定语，分词

15、与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。单个的动词一Cd形式一般作前置定谱,动诃一cd短谱一般作后置定语.Thepo1.1.utedwatercauseddiseasesanddeath.TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(名师指津】作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done.don表示正在进行：done表示已经完成Cboi1.ingwater正在沸胸的水boi1.edwa1.er已经烧开的水总句语法填空CAgricuhuregavepeop1.e(heirfirstexpe

16、rienceofIhepoweroftechno1.ogy(Ckmge)Iives.(2)Tcyrepresenttheearth(come)backto1.ifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.Astudyoftrave1.ers(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthe(op10destinationsinthewor1.d.(J)Vanessawasn*ttheon1.yone(get)infrontofthecrowd.Michac1.Jon1.ana1.ogaveamovingspeech

17、.(三)Jimhasre1.ired.buthesti1.1.remembersthehappy1.ime(spcrnd)wi1.hhisstudents.【答案】I.tochange2.co1.uced4.(oget5.spem考点4非调语动词作宾语补足语1.带to的不定式(todo)作真补的动诃(短谙)常见体J有：ask,invite,te1.1.,want,encourage,wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise,order,force,cause,a1.1.ow,permit,forbid,warn,remind,teach,send,ca1.1

18、.on.waitfor.wou1.dIikeZ1.oveZprefer等表示劝请、要求类动词，后用带，。的不定式作宾补QTheteacheraskedustofinishOUr1.WIneWork.老师叫我们完成家庭作业。ThePOIiCCmanWdtheboysnottop1.ayinthestreet.警察告诉孩f们别在街上玩耍.2.常见的接不带S的不定式作其补的动词1.感：fee1.二听：bear,1.istento三ih:1.c(,make,have四看：see.watch,nosth不定式作宾补表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程强调事物的发生和结束.Isawhim1.eavea

19、fewminutesago.我看见他几分仲甫说开了C3 .动词一hg形式作宾补动词一ing形式作实补,表示动作的过程，即动作IE在进行，尚未结束，宾语与宾补之间是主动的龙轮主谓关系.Ihearsomeoneknockinga1.(hedoor,我听到不i人在敲门.nsorrytokeepyouwaitingforu1.ongtimc.XMJ让你久等。4 .动词过去分诃形式作真补着重动作完成，表明动作的结果.它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系.HesawthethiefcaughtbythePOHCe他看到那个贼被警察抓起来了。Theteacherraisedhisvoiceinordermake

20、himse1.fheard.那个老师提高评书以便让自己被听到。单句语法填空IAIMIwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromIheriverandhesoftc1.ouds(suou1.)(hemountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.IonCChismessagewasde1.ivered,hea1.1.owedme(stay)andwatch.IneedanewpassportsoIwi1.1.havetohavemyphotographs(take).GjThCysta11cdbui1.dingtheirhuts1.ateinthesummer,bu

21、tdidnotgetthem(finish)beforetheear1.yfrosts.【答案】1Jiurrounding2.tostay3.takcn4.finished考点5非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语1.动名词利不定式作主讲能作主谙的，谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别姥：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；(2)表示比较抽象的一般行为恸向的多用动名诃.(3)动名词作主语时通常位于句首：不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首,SmokingisPffOhibiQed(禁止)hcre.(抽象)此处禁止吸烟OItisnotvcrjgoodforyoutosmokesomuch(具

22、体)抽烟那么多对你不好1名师指浑(1)如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式：表谙是动名词主语也是动名诃.Toseeistobe1.ieve.=SeeinsKbC1.iCVi1.Ig.眼见为实.(2)常用动名词作主语的句型：noUS呢OOd1hiswasnotanyusego1.(.,.f+doingsthOf1.iu1.eUSe/goodworthJItsnouseon1.ycomp1.ainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的，2 .动名诃和不定式作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语decidedCIermincIcarn.记忆1诀warn,execvho

23、pewish:决心学会想希里refuse,afford,manage.拒葩付起设法装pretend：offer,promise.主动答应选计划choose,p1.an：agree,ask/beg,he1.p同意请求帮一帮Shepretendednottoseemewhen1passedby.当我经过时她假装没看见我“(2有些动词只能用动名词作宾语avoid,miss,de1.aysuggest,finish,practiceenjoy,imagine,resistadmit,denyenvyescape,risk.PaMOnstand,keep,mind记忆口诀遍免错过少延期建议完成多练习喜欢

24、想象禁不住承认否定与妒忌逃脱冒险莫原谅忍受保持不在意Iwou1.dappreciateyourca1.1.ingbackthisafternoon,今天下午如果你能给我回电话,我将非常感激O(3)卜列动词后接不定式和动名词，注意根据意思不同区别它们(DfoicttodoSth忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)remembertodosth记得去做某M未做rememberdoingsth记得做过某事(己做)StOPtodo停止(某件事).目的是去做另一件事Stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事gontodo维续(去做另外一件事情goondoi

25、ng维续(原先没有做完的事情regretSdosh对要做的事感到遗憾(遇憾地要去做某事)RgrC1.dOingS1.h对过去做过的事或未做过的事呼到后悔(后悔整过或未做过某事)tryIodo努力、企图做trydoing试验、试-试某种办法meaniodX人J算，有意要meanding(物)意味着canthe1.p(to)dosth不能帮助做某事can,the1.pdoingsthtft不自禁做某事3 .不定式、动名词和分词作衣语作表语用的非谓语动词有1不定式(Odo),动名词(doing),和分词(done,doing)(I)不定式作表语HerWiShwastobecomeanartist.(

26、表示主语的具体内容/将来的动作)她的愿望是成为位艺术家，Themostimportantthingistpu(theoryintoPrHCtiec.(表示将来的动作)最重要的是要把理论应用到实践.(2网名词作女语动名词作表语，表示抽象概念.动名词作表语质用来表示“身份，职业”等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换。MyjObiSteaehing.(TCaChingiSmyjob.)我的工作是教标.(教书是我的1.作).SeCingisbe1.ieving.仃闻不如见/1艮见为实.个性比较)不定式动名词作表语时的区别一股来说,我示比较抽象的股行为时多用动名词作我语：役示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时

27、,多用不定式。Theirjobishi1.c1.i11gh.uscs.他们的工作是盖房子。Ourtasknowistodeve1.opoureconomy.现在我们的任芬是发展经济.(3)分词作表语“使怎么样”情博类动词,如SUrPris,interest,excite,puzz1.e,disappoint,astonish,encourage,inspire,ShOCk,move等，它们的现在分词和过去分词表示状态,是形容词化的分词。一1形容词修饰说明人，一ing形容词修饰说明物.ThenewsWaSaStonkhing.消息是令人吃惊的。Mycousinisveryintvrvstcdin

28、p1.ayingIhCPian).我衣妹对舛钢琴很好兴趣。单句语法填空Scientistshaverespondedbynmin,(nobearsmayheCongrCgating(聚集)aroundhumansett1.ements,1.eadingto(hei1.1.usion(错觉)tha【POPuIaUonSarehigherhantheyactua1.1.yare.Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecou1.dn,the1.pwonderinghow1.ongitwou1.dtaketoget(get)(bev.B1.1.tsome

29、studentsdidntwant(wear)theuniform.YoUmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandsti1.1.rcduccyourriskof(die)ear1.ybyrunning.1sti1.1.remember(visit)afriendwho,d1.ivedhereforfiveyearsand(shock)whenIIcamtshehadntcookedonceina1.1.thattime.Fi1.S1.f(x)disfu1.1.offatandsa1.t:by(cat)morefastfoodpeop1.ewi1.1.ge1.moresa1.

30、tandfa(thantheyneedintheirdiet.Thisinc1.udeddigginguptheroad.(1.ay)thetrackand(henbui1.dingastrongroofoverthetop.Iwent(oaworkshopandgradua1.1.ygo(goodat(produce)thingswithc1.ay.【答案】!.noting2.toget3.towear4.dying5.vistng6.catng7.1.aying8.p111.ucng陶堂练习I.单句语法填空1. Butforthe,hotc1.c11i,*.thatsmumanddad.t

31、heJiUrVeyfbUndtheaveragecosttothemhasgoneupsharp1.y,andthattheyarcsacrificing1.uxuriesandho1.idays(1.ook)aftertheir*,bigkids”.2. Thehospita1.hasrecent1.yobtainednewmedica1.equipment(a1.1.ow)morepatientstobeaeated.3. DrawingonaCUrVedsurfaceisquitediftcrentfromdoingsoonaI1.a1.pieceofpaper.Zhaosaid,(no

32、te)thatthepigments(颜料)cou1.dntbetoodrynortoowet.4. However,wearrivedaround7：20p.m.on1.y(te1.1.)thatwewent(othewrongp1.ace.5. Thisis(heco1.ourfu1.waste(CItaIe)byaSwedishcityWi1.hauniquerecyc1.ingsystem.6. Forgrocerystores,theysuggest(encourage)shopperstobuymon?producebyoficringsamp1.esoffruitandveget

33、ab1.estothemupontheirenteringthestore!7. Peop1.eprobab1.yckcdtheirfoodin1.argepots.(use)twigs(树)toremoveit.8. Thewo1.ves1.iveinavasttropica1.savannainSouthAmerica(ca1.1.)theCorrado,whichboastsextraordinaryvarietiesofp1.antsandanima1.s.9. Scientistsbe1.ieve(hatanenoismadeupofbitsandpiecesofinformatio

34、n(store)a1.1.overthebrain.10. Butthisyear,(hedaya1.soinc1.udedanationa1.nouming.whichU1.YCredpeop1.eanopportunity(remember)thosewho1.osttheir1.ivesinthefightagainstthenove1.coronavirus.(答案1.tokxk2.a1.1.owng3.jx(withthepurposeofI.(he1.p)CanadianshaveabetterUndeistandingofChinabasedonhowheChineseviewthemse1.vesandIheissues(beyface.Thcireffortsresu1.ted2.Ihcbi11hofa1985book,UnderxiatidingChinaThmMRhCvrrr加小.They3.(officia1.)donatedittoChinaonJune10.2019.4.(promote)know1.edgeaboutChinaamongCanadians,they5.(found)theSocietyforaBetter