美国名人 画家 玛丽·卡萨特.docx

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1、美国名人画家玛丽卡萨特MaryCassatt,1844-1926:SheBrokeSocialBarrierswithherArtplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:10repeatByDanaDemange2009-7-11VOICEONE:mBobDoughty.VOICETWO:AndImFaith1.apiduswithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutthenineteenthcenturyartistMaryCassatt.Shewasbestknownforherbeautifullye

2、xpressivepaintingsofwomenandchildren.Cassattspentherlifeworkingtochangetraditionalbeliefsaboutartandawomansroleinsociety.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MaryCassattwasbornineighteenforty-fournearPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Herfather,Robert,wasawealthyinvestor.Hermother,Katherine,hadadeepknowledgeofbooks,artandtheFrench

3、language.WhenMarywassevenyearsold,herfamilymovedtoEuropeforseveralyears.AneventroomattheUniversalExhibitionof1855inParisVOICETWO:MisterCassattwantedhischildrentoexperienceEuropeaneducationandculture.TheCassattfamilylivedinParis,FranceforabouttwoyearsbeforemovingtoHeidelberginmoderndayGermany.Ineight

4、eenfifty-five,MarysbrotherRobbiedied.MisterCassattdecideditwastimetoreturntotheUnitedStates.Butfirst,thefamilystoppedoncemoreinParis.Itwasanexcitingtimetobeinthatcity.MaryandherfamilyvisitedtheUniversalExhibition.ThiseventshowedthesuccessofFrenchartandindustry.Marywouldhaveseenimportantworksbythemos

5、tfamousFrenchartistsofthetime.VOICEONE:Shemightalsohaveseentheworksofarevolutionarypainter,GustaveCourbet.Courbetsartwascriticizedforitsrealism.So,hewasnotpermittedtoshowhisworkintheexhibit.Instead,hecreatedhisownexhibitspacenearby.AtanearlyageMarysawthedifferentmovementswithintheFrenchartworld.Shew

6、ouldonedaybepartofthisworldandwouldmakeherownrebelliousart.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:DuringthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,wealthywomenusuallydidnothavecareers.Womengenerallylearnedhowtocareforahouse.Theymightlearntoplaymusic,sewandpaint.ButMaryCassattwasdifferent.Shebelievedthathertraininginartwasmuchm

7、orethanafunactivity.Shesawartasherfuture.Ineighteensixty,attheageofseventeen,MarybeganclassesatthePennsylvaniaAcademyoftheFineArts.Herfatherdidnotapproveofherdecisiontobecomeanartist.ButMarydidnotletthisstopher.MaryCassattsportraitofherselfVOICEONE:MaryCassattworkedveryhardandwasagoodstudent.Butsher

8、ealizedthattobecomeafullytrainedartist,shehadtogotoEuropetostudy.TravelwasimpossibleduringthefouryearAmericanCivilWarthatbeganineighteensixty-one.So,itwasnotuntileighteensixty-sixthatshereturnedtoParis.Forfouryears,MarystudiedinParisandothersmallertownsinFrance.Becauseshewasawoman,shecouldnotstudyat

9、theFrenchAcademyofFineArtsinParis.Instead,shecreatedherownprogramofstudy.VOICETWO:Cassattworkedhardcopyingthegreatpaintingshanginginthe1.ouvremuseum.Shealsostudiedwithdifferentteachers.Ineighteensixty-eight,oneofMaryCassattspaintingswasacceptedintotheParisSalon.Thisshowwasoperatedbythegovernment-con

10、trolledFrenchAcademyofFineArts.Twoyearslater,theSalonacceptedanotherofherpaintings.Hercareerasasuccessfulartisthadbegun.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Ineighteenseventy,MaryCassattreturnedhometoPennsylvania.Butlifeathomewasnoteasy.HerfatherwasnolongerwillingtosupportMarysartisticcareer.Shetriedshowingherpaintingsi

11、nNewYorkCityzbutnooneboughtthem.SheexhibitedherartinChicago,onlytolosethemallintheGreatChicagoFireofeighteenseventy-one.VOICETWO:1.uckily,areligiouscenterinPittsburgh,PennsylvaniahiredhertocopytwofamousreligiouspaintingsthathunginParma,Italy.MaryCassatthadfoundawaytoreturntoherbelovedEuropeandbepaid

12、towork.InParmazshesoonbegantoreceivewidecriticalpraiseforherart.VOICEONE:CassattcontinuedtohaveherworksacceptedintheParisSalon.Butshebegantotireofthetraditionalvaluesoftheofficialartworld.TheSalonwasverysetinitsways.Itrejectedworksthatshowedbrightcolors,unusualsubjects,oranyformofexperimentation.Cas

13、satthadtomakeadecision:Wouldshepaintinawaythatreceivedpublicapprovalorinawaythatshefoundinterestingandexciting?ShefoundheranswerinagroupofrebelliouspaintersknownastheImpressionists.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MaryCassattoncesaidthatsheusedtogotoaParisartsellersshop.Shewouldflattenhernoseagainstthewindowtotakein

14、allthatshecouldoftheartofEdgarDegas.Shesaidhispaintingschangedherlife.Ineighteenseventy-seven,EdgarDegascametoherstudioandaskedhertojoinhisgroupofartistswhocalledthemselvestheIndependents.ThisgrouplaterbecameknownastheImpressionists.TheseartistsincludedClaudeMonet,AugusteRenoir,andCamillePissarro.Ad

15、etailofAWomanwithaRedZinnia,paintedin1891VOICEONE:DegasandtheotherartistshaddecidedthattheywouldnolongerfollowtherulesandrestrictionsoftheParisSalon.TheseartistsrefusedtosubmitarttotheSalon.Instead,theyformedtheirownexhibitionineighteenseventy-four.Today,theworksinthishistoricalshowaresomeofthemostf

16、amouspaintingsintheworld.Butatthetime,manypeoplecondemnedtheirart.VOICETWO:DegasandtheImpressionistswereinterestedinpaintingtheeffectsoflight,andhowthehumaneyeseessubjects.TheImpressionistsusedbrightcolors,roughbrushstrokesandthickpainttoshowlightandmovementinitsmanyforms.Theyalsopaintedsubjectsofev

17、erydaylife.Traditionalartistsgenerallypaintedimaginedscenesfromhistoryorliterature.MaryCassattsaidthisaboutEdgarDegasinvitationtojointheImpressionists:Iacceptedwithjoy.Ihatedconventionalart.Ibegantolive.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CassattspenttwoyearsproducingworkstoshowintheImpressionistsnextexhibitineighteens

18、eventy-nine.Duringthisperiod,herparentsmovedtoParis.Finally,RobertCassatthadacceptedhisdaughtersskill,andpraisedhergrowingsuccess.VOICETWO:Paintingsfromthisperiodincludeoneofhermotherreadinganewspaper.ItiscalledReading1.eFigaro.MaryCassattsloosebrushworkskillfullycapturestheeffectofthesunlightinther

19、oom.InWomanandChildDrivingshemasterstheeffectofoutdoorlightanddrawsattentiontoachildsglowingface.Herworksshowpeopleinprivatemoments.Hersubjectsactnaturally,andaresometimescaughtinmovement.AdetailoftheprintMaternalCaressfrom1891VOICEONE:MaryCassattdidnotstaywiththeImpressionistsforlong.Shechosefreedo

20、moverbeingpartofasetartmovement.IntheeighteenninetiesCassattstartedtoexperimentwithmakingprints.ShewasinfluencedbyaseriesofprintsfromJapan.Sherepeatedtheirsimplebutverymodernformsinherownprints.Theyinclude1.aToilette,animageofawomanbathing.InMaternalCaress,afewsimplelinesexpressthedeeploveofamotherf

21、orherchild.MaryCassattsoldmanycopiesofherprintswhensheexhibitedtheminParis.And,shewouldcontinuetoexplorethesubjectofmothersandchildreninherpaintings.VOICETWO:InBabyReachingforanAppleCassattshowsamothergentlyholdingherchildasthebabylookswithwonderatthefruit.TheBoatingPartyshowsamotherandchildinasmall

22、boat.Thediagonalangleofthepaintingisveryboldandinventive.Cassattheldanothersuccessfulexhibitineighteenninety-three.Onecriticsaidthatnoartisthadpaintedthepoemofthefamilywithsuchfeeling.MaryCassatthadbecomeoneofthemostsuccessfulartistsofhertime.AdetailofTheBoatingParty,paintedaround1893VOICEONE:Cassat

23、tboughtahouseintheFrenchcountrysideandusedhersuccesstohelpothers.Sheadvisedyoungartists.ShealsohelpedwealthyAmericanartcollectorschoosefineworksofartbyImpressionistpainters.ShebelieveditwasimportantthatAmericansbeabletostudysuchfineartathome.Thankstoherefforts,manyImpressionistpaintingsbecamepartofA

24、mericanartcollections.CassattalsoworkedhardtosupportwomensrighttovoteintheUnitedStates.VOICETWO:MaryCassattwonmanytopawards,butsherefusedtoacceptmostofthem.Shesaidshewasanearlymemberofanindependentartmovementandwasagainstjuries,medalsandawards.Cassattcontinuedworkingandtravellingintoherlatesixties.S

25、helaterwasforcedtostoppaintingbecauseofherfailingeyesight.VOICEONE:MaryCassattdiedinnineteentwenty-sixattheageofeighty-two.Shespentmostofherlifeworkingtochangetraditionalbeliefsaboutart,artistsandawomansprofessionalroleinsociety.Today,herpaintingsareinthetopmuseumcollectionsintheworld.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.mFaith1.apidus.VOICEONE:AndmBobDoughty.Fortranscripts,.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.