专题05构词法（讲练）（解析版）.docx

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1、专题05构词法00词类的构成考点主要分布在语法填空中，懂得词类的构成对我们平时学习英语帮助极大。真题研析规律探寻1 .(江苏泰州)Beijing,thecapitalofChina,isworld,s(one)citytohostOlympicGamestwice.【答案】first【解析】句意：中国首都北京是世界上第个两次举办奥运会的城市。根据citytohostOlympicGamestwice”可知，此处是指第一个两次举办奥运会的城市，表示顺序用序数词first第一故填first。2 .(江苏泰州)Withthe(develop)ofhesociety,moreandmorepeople

2、devotetheirenergytocharity.【答案】development【解析】句意：随着社会的发展，越来越多的人将精力投入到慈善事业中。空格位于“the”和“。产之间，用名词形式developmcnt发展，固定短语withthedevelopmentof随着的发展故填developmento3 .(2023江苏泰州)AUdiobOokS(有声读物)aresowelcomethatthenumberofthelistenersisincreasing(rapid).【答案】rapidly【解析】句意：有声读物是如此受欢迎，听众的数量正在增加。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，故填ra

3、pidly。(2023深圳模)HowmuchdoyouknowaboutWushu?Wushu,alsoknownasmartialarts,isoneoftheearliest36(sport)inChina.1(usesbothbodyandbrain.What,smore,Wushuisanoutstandingexampleof37(tradition)Chineseculture.Itcanexplain38Chinesepeopleunderstandtheworld.Overitslonghistory,Wushu39(develop)intoaspecialunityofexe

4、rcise,SelrPrOteCtionandart.Asasportand40artisticform,WushuwinsgreatpopularityinChina.InShenzhen,someschoolshaveWushuclassesforkids.Everytraining41(require)studentstotakeitseriously.Onlybytraininghardcantheybuildup42(they)bodiesandmeetthechallengesinthefuture.Asacompetitivesportwithgreatfitnessvalue.

5、Wushuhasspread43(wide)acrosstheworld.BruceLeehelpedmakeWushuworld-famous.Thankstohim,theword“kungRTappearedinmanyforeignlanguagedictionaries.ManyChinesehavesetupWushuschoolsoutsideChina,providingpeople44thechancetoexperiencethefantasticsport.DuringtheHangzhouAsianGamesin2023,morepeoplewereable45(enj

6、oy)thebeautyofWushu.【答案】36.sports37.traditional38.how39.hasdeveloped40.an41.requires42.their43.widely44.with45.toenjoy37题和43题都是词形变化题37.句意：更重要的是，武术是中国传统文化的杰出代表。此处修饰名词短语ChineSeCUIuire,用形容词traditional”传统的，作定语。故填traditional。43.句意：武术作为一项极具健身价值的竞技体育项目，在世界范围内广泛传播。此处修饰动词hasspread,用副词形式。故填widelyo核心提炼考向探究（一）合

7、成法由两个或多个单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法，合成的词叫作合成词。初中阶段最常见的合成词是名词，如：homework作业notebook笔记本schoolbag书包basketball篮球football足球playground操场birthday生日postcard明信片weekend周末bathroom浴室bedroom卧室classroom教室fireman消防员policeman警察postman邮递员rainbow彩虹spaceship宇宙飞船spacesuit宇航服snowman雪人gentleman绅士其他常用的合成词：everyday每天的hard-worki

8、ng努力的online在线的outdoors在户外outside在外面anybody/anyone任何人anything任何事（物）anywhere任何地方everybody/everyone每个人everything所有事（物）everywhere处处somebody/someone某人Something某事（物）somewhere某处nobody没人nothing没有事（物）nowhere无处（二）派生法由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。1.前缀：通常变词义，不变词性常用的前缀示例dis表示否定、相反或相对，agree同意TdiSagree不同意ap

9、pear出现TdiSaPPear消失可用在动词、名词、形容词like喜欢TdiSlike不喜欢advantage优点TdiSadVantage缺点前honest诚实的dishonest不诚实的un-,im-,in-,ir-,il-表示否定意义，多用于形容词前happy开心的unhappy不开心的polite礼貌的impolitc不礼貌的correct正确的incorrect不正确的legal合法的TillegaI不合法的healthy健康的TUnhealthy不健康的possible可能的impossible不可能的regular规则的TirregUlar不规则的re-表示“重新；再”，用在动

10、词前build建造一rebuild重建cycle循环recycle再循环view观察TreVieW复习2.后缀：通常变词性(1)常用的形容词后缀常用的形容词后缀示例-able(n.v.Ta的.)表示“可以的；显示性质“accept接受acceptable可接受的drink喝；饮TdrinkabIe可饮用的comfort舒适TCOmfbrtable舒服的fashion时尚fashionable流行的value价值TVaIUable宝贵的-ful(n.adj.)表示“充满的”beauty美丽beautiftl美丽的cheer快乐cheerful快乐的success成功-successful成功的h

11、arm伤害harmful有害的-less(fi.adj.)表示“没有的”care谨慎TCareIeSS粗心的home家homeless无家可归的life生命TlifbIeSS无生命的help帮助ThelPIeSS无助的-Ous(n.一时.)表示“有性质的”danger危险TdangerOUS危险的fame名声famous有名的humor幽默-humorous幽默的-y(n.TMA)表示“有特征的cloud云-cloudy多云的rain雨rainy下雨的health健康Theahhy健康的-Iy(n.T时.)表示“有性质的“friend朋友TfriendIy友好的Iove爱IoVely可爱的da

12、y一天一daily每天的-ing-ed(v.adj.)表示“有特征的”surprise吃惊surprising令人吃惊的；surprised感到惊讶的relax放松TrelaXing令人轻松的；relaxed放松的，自在的其他形式：-ish,-ive,-en,-cm,-al等fool傻瓜TfboliSh愚套的attract吸引TallraCtiVe有吸引力的gold金子golden金的south南方TSOUthem南方的tradition传统TtraditiOnal传统的(2)常用的名词后缀常用的名词后缀示例-eror(v.n.)表示人或物drive驾驶TdriVer司机sing唱歌TSing

13、er歌手CoOk烹饪TeOoker炉具invent发明一inventor发明家work工作一worker工人SPeak说话一SPeaker发言者；扬声器contain容纳TCOntainer容器visit参观visitor游客-tion(Mw.)表示行为或结果acl行动TaCtiOn行动pollute污染TPOnUtiOn污染celebrate庆祝一celebration庆祝invent发明TinVemiOn发明introduce介绍一introduction介绍invite邀请invitation邀请-ment(v.n.)表示行为或结果agree同意Tagreement同意develop发展

14、TdeVelOPment发展achieve取得成就TaChieVement成就announce宣布TarmOUnCement公告advertise做广告TadVertiSemem广告-ness(adj.n.)happy幸福的happiness幸福sad悲伤的一sadness悲伤表示性质、状态ill生病的一illness疾病-dom(adj.n,n.)free自由的一freedom自由wise睿智的TWiSdOm智慧表示状况、领域king国王kingdom王国dead死的一death死亡true真实的一truth真相其他形式：th,ty,-ence,ance,-hood,-ist,-ian,-a

15、n,-ese等safe安全的TSafbty安全different不同的一difference差别Child小孩TChildhoOd童年music音乐一musician音乐家China中国Chinese中国人difficult困难的difficulty困难important重要的importance重要性science科学TSCiemiSt科学家Africa非洲-African非洲人(3)常用的动词后缀常用的动词后缀示例-ize(n.adj.v.)apology道歉一叩ologize道歉表示“使成为；使化”memory记忆memorize记住real真的realize认识到-fy(n.adj.v

16、.)beauty美beautify美化表示“使成为；使进入状态”simple简单的simplify简化-en(n.adj.v.)表示“使”fright恐怖frighten使惊恐short短的TShOnen缩短(4)常用的副词后缀常用的副词后缀示例-Iy(adj.adv.)careful小心的TCarefilny谨慎地表示方式、程度angry生气的Tangrny生气地-ward(s)(adv.-adv.)to朝；向TtOWard(三)朝着表示“向.，fore在前面TfOrWard(三)向前(5)常用的数词后缀常用的数词后缀示例-teen表示“十几”sixsixteen十六-ty表示“整十位数”s

17、ix六TSiXIy六十-th表示“序数词”sixsixth第六(三)转化法一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或儿种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。常见的转化示例动词T名词walkv.走路；步行walkn.散步Iusuallywalkhomeafterwork.我通常下班后步行回家。1.efsgooutforawalk.我们去外面散散步吧。名词一动词milkn.牛奶milkH挤奶Wouldyoulikemilkinyourcoffee?你想要咖啡里加奶吗？Tomhelpedhismothermilkthecow.汤姆帮妈妈给牛挤奶。形容词一动词dryadj.干燥的dryv.弄干It,shotandd

18、ryhereinsummer.这里的夏季炎热干燥。Usethetoweltodryyourhands.用这条毛巾把手擦干。题型特训命题预测一、单项选择1. Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedinthesamewayas“impolite”?A.blackboardB.uncertainC.chairpersonD.earthquake【答案】B【解析】句意：下列哪一个单词的组成形式与单词“impolite”相同？考查构词法。blackboard黑板，black和board合成;UnCertain不确定的,Certain力口前缀Un-；ChairPerSOn主席，c

19、hair和person合成；earthquake地震，earth和quake合成。单词“impolite”为polite加前缀im-而来，与B选项的构成方法相同。故选B。2. Weformanewwordinadifferentwayfromtheotherthree.A.firefighterB.noticeboardC.impatientD.greenhouse【答案】C【解析】句意：我们组成新单词“impatient”的方法不同于其他三个。考查构词法。firefighte消防员,由fire和fighter合成;noticeboard布告栏,IIotiCe和board合成:impaienl

20、没有耐心的，是在单词patient前面加-im；greenhouse温室，由green和house合成。故选C3. Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedthesamewayas“housework?A.instructionB.uncertainC.cheerfulD.chairperson【答案】D【解析】句意：下列哪个词的构成方式与“housework”相同？考查构词法Cinstruction指示，由前缀in+Struction构成；uncertain不确定的，由前缀un+certain构成；cheerful高兴的，由Cheer和后缀ful构成；chairper

21、son主席，由chair和person两个单词构成。housework是由house和Work两个单词构成的，与选项D相同。故选D。4. Wecanaddprefixim-tothefollowingwordstoformnewwordswiththeoppositemeaning.A.honestB.correctC.commonD.partial【答案】D【解析】句意：我们可以给下列单词中的Partial加前缀im,构成具有相反意义的新词。考查构词法。honest诚实的：correct正确的：common普通的；partial偏袒的。honestdishonest”不诚实的”，correc

22、tincorrect”错误的，commonUnCOmmon“非同寻常的，partialimpartial“不偏不倚的故选D。5. WecanputtheprefixunbeforethefollowingwordstogivethemtheoppositemeaningEXCEPT.A.activeB.certainC.importantD.finished【答案】A【解析】句意：除了“active，我们可以在下面的单词前加上前缀“un”来表示相反的意思。考查形容词词缀。active活跃的”的反义词是inactive“不活跃的；Certain“确定的”的反义词是UnCertaiIr不确定的”;

23、imporlanl重要的的反义词是UnimPOrtam“不重要的；finished“完成的”的反义词是UnfiniShed”未完成的”。综上可知，四个选项中只有active的反义词是加前缀in,其他三项是加前缀un,故选A。6. Whichofthefollowingwordshasadifferentprefixtomakeithaveanoppositemeaning?A.possibleB.politeC.correctD.patient【答案】C【解析】句意：下列哪个词有不同的前缀使它有相反的意思？考查单词的派生。POSSibIe可能的，impossible不可能的；polite礼貌的

24、，impolite不礼貌的；COrreCt正确的，incorrect不正确的；Patient耐心的，impatient不耐烦的。故单词“correct”的否定前缀与其它单词不同。故选C。7. ”Shouldyouthfulheadsinvainturngrey,wewouldregretforaye.,TheRiverAllRedbyXuYuanchong.Whichwordisformedinthesamewayasttyouthfu,?A.disappearB.dangerousC.footprintD.impossible【答案】B【解析】句意：“如果年轻的头白了。我们会后悔辈子的。”一

25、许渊冲满江红。哪个单词和“youth”的构成方式相同？考查单词结构。disappear消失，派生词，在appear前加dis构成否定形式；dangerous危险的，派生词，在名词danger后加词缀OUS构成形容词；footprint脚印，合成词，由foot和print合成；impossible不可能的,派生词，在形容词possible前加前缀im构成否定形式。youthful是派生词，在名词youth后加词缀ful构成形容词，与dangerous一致，故选B。8. Anadultpanda100-150kilograms.Thatistosay,itsis100-150kilograms.A

26、.weight;weightB.weighs;weighsC.weight;weighD.weighs;weight【答案】D【解析】句意：只成年大熊猫重达I(XM50公斤。也就是说，它的重量是IoO-150公斤。考查派生词。Weigh”称重，重多少“，为动词；Weight重量,为名词。根据“Anadultpanda.100-150kilograms.”可知，第一个空填动词，AnadUlIPanda为主语，动词用三单，故第一个空填Weighs；根据“ils.is100-150kilograms可知，第二个空填名词，故填WeighL故选DO9. Heworkshardandisoften.Iho

27、pehewillhavemoreathisbusiness.A.successful;successB.success;successfulC.successfully;successfulD.successful;successful【答案】A【解析】句意：他工作努力，常常很成功。我希望他在生意上能取得更大的成功。考查词性转换。be后跟的应该是形容词成功的SUCCeSSfUI作表语，故第一句填SUCCeSSfu】；实意动词have后应跟名词或代词作宾语，故第二句填名词SUeCeSs；选A。10. Whatyou,dad?Iwasthatthedogcoulddosomanyusefulthi

28、ngsforthedisabled.A.surprised;surprisedB.surprising;surprisingC.surprised;surprisingD.surprising;surprise【答案】A【解析】句意：什么让你惊讶，爸爸？我很惊讶这只狗能为残疾人做这么多有用的事情。本题考查形容词和动词。surprise当动词讲时，表示使惊讶；当名词讲时，表示惊讶：surprising是形容词，表示令人惊讶的。SUrPriSed是形容词，表示感到惊讶的。第一空作谓语，用动词，排除BD两项。第二空作为系动词WaS的表语，用形容词，表示我感到惊讶，用SurPriSed。故选A。二、用

29、词的适当形式填空1. Hehithishand(heavy)againstthewall.2. 一Ourneighbournextdoorisputtingsomethingonthewall.Ifs(possible)tosleepwithallthatnoise.1.1 askedhimtohelpmebuthe(agree).4. Someinsectsareandweshouldtrynottokillthem,(harm)5. Therearemanyforeign(visit)inourschooltoday.6. It,sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEn

30、glishwithgreat.(patient)7. Poorlittlegirl!Itisforhertosuffersomuch.Letsgiveherahand,(fair)8. Ifwedon,ttakeactiontoprotecttheforests,theywillsoon.(appear)9. Mozartwasafamous(music)intheworld.10. 1.iJunwas(lucky)becausehiscarbrokedownyesterday.11. Youshouldtakeanactivepartinthe(discuss).12. Hismotheri

31、sanurseandhisfatherisa(manage).13. Themanfoundhimself(able)towalkandfelthopeless.14. Amyisa(n)(usual)womanfromAmerica.Sheisafamousartistnow.15. Its(pleasant)toseesomuchsmoginthesky.1.1 1wanttobeafiremaninthefuture,butmyparents(agree).Theywantmetobecomeadoctor.17. Thereisalotof(pollute)inthisriver.18

32、. Theyarejustkidding.Don,ttakeit(serious).19. Shethinksagoodfriendmustknowher(true).20. Heinventedamachinetopeopleinwheelchairstogoupthestairs,(able)21. Asweallknow,thinkingisreallyimportanttostudents,(dependent)22. Most(west)peoplelikeeatingfastfood.23. Howthosepeopledeeplyinfluencedbywarswishtoliv

33、e(peace)!24. Myfatherkeepsdiariestorememberhis(day)life.25. Itwas(sun)yesterday,butthereismuchraintoday.26. Youcanfindthose(climb)namesonthehomepageofourclub.27. Alotof(art)performplays,concertsandoperasthere.28. Therearefourgirlsintheshop.(Germany)29. Sheworks(careful)inherschool.29.1 knowheis(awar

34、e)ofhismistakebecausehestillactsinthesameoldway.31. Weallliveinaplace-theEarth,(beauty)32. Noonewaswillingtohelptheoldmanandhefelt(help).33. Someoneissingingatthebackofthehall.(loud)34. AreyouabletofixtheTVMike?No,Im(certainly)thatIcandoitmyself.35. Whenyoumakea(decide),youmustbecareful.36. Your(sug

35、gest)isofgreatvalueandisreallyworthtaking.Thankyousomuch!37. Hewastiredoutthathefoundhimself(able)tomoveoutofthehotel.38. Becauseofthewolf,everyoneinthetownisfeeling.(easy)39. Hewrotelotsofbooksforyoungpeople,(science)1. .1havegotaheadache,soIfeel(comfortable)now.41. Maryisan(Australia)girl,soshekno

36、wsalotaboutkoalas.42. Allthedriversmustremember(safe)isfirst.43. Hedidn,tact(normal)yesterdayandhehadfewwordsthewholeafternoon.44. Weshouldhelpthe(able)people.Lifeishardforthem.45. WhenIhelpothers,Ihaveastrong(feel)ofsatisfaction.46. Thanksverymuchforyour(kind).47. Thanksforyour(invite),butIdon,thav

37、etimetotheparty.48. Hecookedthesoupbypullingintoomuch.(salty)49. Thetiredstudentsarrivedatthecampsite.(final)50. Weoftenseesomepeopleinthestreetinsomepoorcountries,(home)51. MytriptotheUKis(education).52. Heshoutedatagirl.How(polite)hewas!53. Thetwo(travel)weretrapped(被困)onthemountainbytheterriblest

38、orm.54. Sheisanexcellent(cooker).Welikeherdishesverymuch.55. WherecanIeammoreabouttheWestLakeinHangzhou?(tour)56. Thesaysguestsshouldweareveningdresstotheparty,(invite)57. Thiswasavery(use)lessonforher.58. His(ill)wasmoreseriousthanthedoctorfirstthought.59. 1.ook!HowKateislaughing!(happy)60. Thelitt

39、legirsfaceturnedredbecauseofher.(shy)61. It,sverytoplaythesocceronthestreet,(danger)62. Therewerenotmanypeopleinthesupermarket,soitwas.(crowd)63. 1.iMinggoestoseehisgrandparentsata(fix)dateeverymonth.1. .1cantunderstandthe(mean)ofallthenewwords.65. MsZhangisourEnglish(teach).She(teach)uswell.66. Wew

40、eretouchedbytheofthewelcome,(warm)67. Thetwoboysliketowritestoriesandwanttobe(report)68. Theweatherwas(fair)finesowecouldgocampingyesterday.69. Theofthatbridgeisover200metres.(long)70. MysisterfeltsosadtofindthatitwastocleanherfavouriteT-shirt,(hope)71. (lucky)becausewedidntpassthemathtestyesterday.

41、72. Ifyoukeeponworkinghard,youwillbe(success).73. Parentsoftenfeel(help),knowingthatalltheeffortswontimprovetheirchildsstudy.74. (Sudden)Alicefellintoaholeinthegroundyesterday.75. Many(visit)cametothehometownofthegreatmanduringthevacation.76. Alltheseinterestingexperimentscanourknowledge,(wide)77. M

42、anystudentsget(sleep)afteradayofclasses.78. Theywentintothebedroom(quiet).79. Themeasureisnot(suit)forthefarmers.80. It,scoolandsunnytoday.Itsa(relax)day.81. Shelikesverymuchandshewantstobean(art).82. Theredboxisthe(heavy)ofthefive.83. Manypeopleknowthatthezipperisagreat(invent)inourdailylife.84. At

43、ruefriendcanhelpyougetoutof(sad)whenyoureunhappy.85. Manypopstarsdislikebeingasked(person)questionsinpublic.86. JimsEnglishmagazineisntas(interest)asthatone.87. Youshouldmakeanapologytoherforyour(careless).1. .1thinkfriendshipismuch(value)thanmoney.89. Pandaiskindof(love)animal,Ilikeitverymuch.90. I

44、tistoeatlotsofchocolatebeforethemainmeals,(health)91. Hepractices(care)thisweekthanlastweek.92. WuJingisawell-known(direct).Heispopularamongfilmlovers.93. Tomydisappointment,thenewmovieisso(meaning).94. Pleasemakea(decide)tochoosewhichoneisthebest.95. Theplanisnotanew(discover),it,sbeenknownforyears

45、.96. Itwillbeagood(choose)totakethehigh-speedtraintoYanchengfromSuqiannextyear.97. Everychildwantstobethe(proud)oftheirparents.98. Ifyoudon,thaveadeeploveforsomething,don,tbe(satisfy)untilyoufindone.99. Wildanimalswhicharenowindangerneedour(protect).100. Themanisstillan(know)writer,butheissuretobefa

46、mous.IOLNothingisawasteifwehavea(create)mind.102. Theteachertoldustopayattentionto(spell)Englishwords.103. Eachofusspokeatthemeeting(active).104. His(know)ofEnglishisverylimited.105. Everyoneisbomwiththetoleam.(able)106. Withthehelpoftheteacher,therehasbeenagreatinherspokenEnglish,(improve)107. Wouldyoutellmethe(pronounce)ofthenewword?108. Youcantloseyourwithher;instead,youshouldbewithher.(patient)109. TheSpringFestivalisoneofthemostimportant(tradition)festivalsinChina.110. TheStoryofWhiteSnakeissothatall