螺旋槽干气密封系统非线性动力学行为研究硕士论文.doc
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1、 硕士学位论文螺旋槽干气密封系统非线性动力学行为研究目 录摘要Abstract第1章 绪 论1 1.1 课题研究的意义1 1.2 国内外研究历史和现状形式1 1.2.1 国外研究历史和现状1 1.2.2 国内研究历史和现状3 1.2.3 发展趋势4 1.3 课题来源与主要研究工作6 1.4 课题的创新点与关键性问题7第2章 螺旋槽干气密封的基本理论8 2.1 螺旋槽干气密封的工作原理8 2.2 力学模型与受力分析9 2.3 螺旋槽干气密封的材料11 2.4 螺旋槽干气密封的槽型几何参数13 2.5 螺旋槽干气密封特点及其与其他机械密封的比较14第3章 干气密封螺旋槽润滑气膜动态特性参数的计算及
2、分析16 3.1 螺旋槽干气密封气膜刚度的计算16 3.2 螺旋槽干气密封阻尼系数的数学模型16 3.2.1 气膜压力复函数的表达式16 3.2.2 轴向阻尼系数的数学模型17 3.2.3 角向阻尼系数的数学模型17 3.3 特定工况下干气密封阻尼系数的计算和分析17 3.3.1 轴向阻尼系数18 3.3.2 角向阻尼系数19 3.4 变工况下干气密封阻尼系数的计算和分析20 3.4.1 轴向阻尼系数20 3.4.2 角向阻尼系数21 3.5 本章小结22第4章 螺旋槽干气密封双自由度轴向振动的追随性分析24 4.1 轴向振动下气膜-密封环双自由度系统动力学模型24 4.2 气膜特性参数计算2
3、5 4.2.1 气膜轴向刚度计算25 4.2.2 气膜轴向阻尼计算25 4.3 特定工况下静环振动追随性分析25 4.3.1 特定工况下静环振动分析25 4.3.2 变工况下静环振动追随性分析26 4.3.3 变结构参数静环振动追随性分析27 4.4 本章小结27第5章 干气密封气膜-密封环系统轴向动力稳定性分析28 5.1 基本方程的建立及求解28 5.2 非线性气膜动态参数的计算28 5.3 方程的简化29 5.4 系统稳定性分析30 5.4.1 用指数方法研究系统分岔问题30 5.4.2 研究系统分岔问题的螺旋角范围30 5.4.3 变工况下系统分岔问题的螺旋角范围31 5.5 本章小结
4、32第6章 螺旋槽干气密封特性参数的试验研究33 6.1 干气密封试验装置33 6.2 样机结构参数和零部件摄影图34 6.2.1 样机结构尺寸34 6.2.2 样机零部件摄影图34 6.3 干气密封试验测试技术35 6.3.1 测试系统设计35 6.3.2 特性参数的测试技术35 6.4 特性参数的测定结果与分析38 6.4.1 泄漏量测定38 6.4.2 功耗测定38 6.4.3 气膜轴向刚度测定39结论41参 考 文 献42致 谢45附录A 攻读硕士学位期间所发表的学术论文46附录B 润滑气膜阻尼的计算程序47附录C 螺旋槽干气密封双自由度轴向振动的追随性程序51附录D 轴向振动稳定性程
5、序53III摘 要螺旋槽干气密封操作的稳定性和可靠性与其槽型参数息息相关,其动力学特性一直是国内外研究的热点。本文以螺旋槽干气密封为研究对象,建立了轴向振动下气膜-密封环双自由度系统动力学模型,利用Maple程序求解了轴向振动方程,对静环追随动环的动力学特性进行了分析,在此基础上利用特例计算并拟合非线性气膜动态参数,得到了一个非线性受迫振动微分方程,分析了螺旋角对系统稳定性的影响。主要研究内容和结论如下:建立了气膜轴向和角向阻尼系数的计算模型,利用Maple程序求解阻尼系数的近似表达式,通过动态稳定性分析,获得不同介质压力和转速下的槽型参数。分析结果表明:随着介质压力和转速的增大,气膜阻尼系数
6、增大,得到稳定性最佳的螺旋角数值,且与实验数据基本一致,说明所建立的阻尼系数数学模型正确。建立了轴向振动下气膜-密封环双自由度系统动力学模型,利用Maple程序求解了轴向振动方程,获得了在不同追随性系数下的静环时间历程图。研究结果表明:特例中静环追随动环的临界条件是弹簧刚度为气膜刚度的0.42倍,改变工况不影响其临界条件。但随着结构参数的变化,临界条件发生了改变。可见通过选择合理的追随性系数可以控制气膜的稳定性,为干气密封动态优化设计提供了理论基础。基于非线性振动理论,在特例下计算并拟合非线性气膜动态特性参数,得到了一个非线性受迫振动微分方程。在无外激励情况下,通过求Floquet指数讨论了系
7、统分岔问题,分析了螺旋角对系统稳定性的影响,给出了使干气密封系统稳定的螺旋角范围,并求得在特例下螺旋角=751326时系统发生Hopf分岔。这与先前利用龙格-库塔法研究的结果一致,从而验证了该方法的正确性。改变工况讨论系统分岔问题,得到了系统分岔时的螺旋角数值,结果表明其螺旋角数值基本不变,说明改变工况其分岔点位置不变,其结果为干气密封的动态优化设计提供了理论指导。在成都一通密封有限公司的2900r/min密封试验台上对螺旋槽干气密封系统进行了试验研究。完成了气体端面密封试验台的测试系统的总体方案设计、测试系统的硬件配置。测试了泄漏量、功耗和气膜轴向刚度,给出了气体端面密封试验的测试结果,并与
8、理论计算近似值比较,进行误差分析。试验测出数值与计算结果较为吻合。关键词:螺旋槽;干气密封;阻尼系数;Maple程序;追随性;非线性;稳定性;分岔;试验研究AbstractThe stability on a system of spiral grooved gas seal is closely related to its dynamical characteristic, and hence its dynamical characteristic has been the domestic and foreign research area. The paper takes spira
9、l groove dry gas seal as research project,dynamical model on two degree of freedom system of gas film and seal ring subjected to axial vibration was established, and the axial vibration equation was solved by using the Maple program , then the static ring following-up rings dynamical characteristic
10、has been analyzed, on the basis, a nonlinear forced vibration differential equation was derived while the nonlinear dynamical characteristic of the gas film was calculated and simulated, and the stability influenced by spiral angle was analyzed in the system. The main contents and achievements are s
11、ummarized as follow:Calculation model on a system of axial damper and angular damper coefficient, and the approximate function expression of damper coefficient were solved by using the Maple program, and the approximate solution of gaseous film rigidity was obtained. Finally optimizing geometric par
12、ameters under environment pressure and speed were acquired by analyzing the dynamic stability. The results show that with the increase of environment pressure and speed, damper coefficient increases and then got the finally optimizing geometric parameters that the basic agreement of experiment date.
13、 So calculation model on a system of damping coefficient is correct, which provides the theoretical basis on dynamical optimization design of gas seals.The dynamical model of dual freedom degree of gas film-seal ring system under axial vibration was established. The axial vibration equation was solv
14、ed by using the Maple program, then the time history charts of stationary ring with various following-up coefficients were obtained. The results show that the critical condition of stationary ring following rotating ring is that spring rigidity value is 0.42 times greater than gas film rigidity valu
15、e. The critical condition remains unchanged with changing operating parameters, but it changes with the change of structure parameters. The stability of gas film can be controlled by selecting suitable following-up coefficient, which may provide the theoretical basis for the dynamical optimization d
16、esign of gas seal.The dynamical axial vibration model of the gas film and seal rings in the system of dry gas seals was established that the help of the theory of nonlinear vibration, a nonlinear forced vibration differential equation was derived while the nonlinear dynamical characteristic of the g
17、as film was calculated and simulated, in order to obtain the Melnikov function, the free oscillation equation of a kind of nonlinear dynamics system was solved, an exact solution to the problem was obtained under varying initial conditions. The bifurcation question was discussed according to Floquet
18、 exponent, and the stability influenced by spiral angle was analyzed in the system, the range of the spiral angle enable system stable was given on the condition of none outer excitation, when spiral angle at 751014the Hopf bifurcation occurs in the system. Regions of structure parameters enable sys
19、tem stable was obtained, the result guiding the dynamic optimization in the dry gas seals system. The experimental investigation of groove dry gas seal was conducted on the 2900r/min test device in ChengDu YiTong Seal Co., Ltd. The research finished overall plan of instrumentation system and hardwar
20、e configuration, tested leakage, power lose and gaseous film rigidity, obtained test results and analyzed error between test and calculation data. Comparing some data from experiments with that of approximate calculation, the results show that dynamical and mathematical model of the gas flow between
21、 seal faces is validated correctly. Key Words: Spiral groove; Gas seals; Damper coefficient; Maple program; Following-up; Nonlinear ; Stability; Bifurcation; Test research57 硕士学位论文第1章 绪 论1.1 课题研究的意义目前,国内外石化行业普遍使用离心式压缩机来输送各类工艺气体,这些气体大多具有可燃性、腐蚀性、易燃及有毒的特性,而且通常工作压力和温度较高,一旦密封失效,不仅污染环境,影响人体健康和产品质量,而且往往会导致
22、火灾、爆炸等重大事故。为了防止或者限制这些工艺气体沿压缩机旋转轴端部泄漏到大气中,须采用各种有效的轴端密封装置。在整个压缩机系统中,轴端密封仅仅是一个很小的部件,但它往往能决定机器设备的安全性、可靠性和耐久性,其作用对整台机器、整套装置乃至整个工厂的影响都很大。近年来,随着密封技术的不断发展和完善,出现了一种称之为干式气体密封1(Dry Running Gas Seal)的新型轴封,解决了多年来机械密封一直不能干运转的难题。这种密封采用气体作为密封介质,是一种非接触式新型轴端密封。干气密封内部气体流动的气膜平衡间隙尺度(典型值为35m)为微米级。显然,间隙微小变化极有可能导致动静密封环间的干摩
23、擦或泄漏量增大,因而保证气膜稳定性是干气密封可靠运行的关键。而气体端面密封的稳定性和可靠性与其动力学特性密切相关,其动力学特性一直是国内外研究的热点和难点2。1.2 国内外研究历史和现状形式1.2.1 国外研究历史和现状1.2.1.1 理论与试验研究螺旋槽干气密封是基于螺旋槽轴承理论而发展起来的。螺旋槽轴承理论始于上世纪二十年代,1925年,德国的 L.Gumbel首次提出螺旋槽止推轴承的概念。由于计算机水平的限制,人们对此问题的分析都采用的是近似解析方法3。上世纪四十年代,Wipple对螺旋槽主推轴承的理论进行了探讨,提出了压力线性分布假设,研究了等间距排列的平面平行槽与平板间的流体流动,发
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