英国50大新兴技术-英_市场营销策划_重点报告202301202_doc.docx

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1、InnovateUK,s50EmergingTechnologiesreportFuturetechnologytrendsmattertobusinesses.AstheUK,sinnovationagencywearefrequentlyaskedwhatthefutureholds.It,sourdutytohelpbusinessesexploreandanswerthis.Weworkinagreatresearchandinnovationenvironmentwhere,withinputfromourpartnersinResearchCouncilsandbeyond,weh

2、avetheuniqueabilitytoidentifyinterestingemergingtechnologiesandtrends.Wehavedrawnonourecosystem,securinginputfrom300stakeholderstodeliveraglimpseofthefuturethathelpsthebusinessesWeworkwitheverydaytoexploreemergingopportunities.Developmentofthisreportfollowedawell-establishedandrobustemergingtechnolo

3、gyidentificationprocessthathasbeenindependentlyreviewed.Inputcamefromawiderangeofacademics,Governmentdepartments,andResearchCouncilsincludingEPSRC,BBSRC,NERC,MRCandSTFC.Formoreonhowwemadethereportgotopage6.Read,shareanddiscussInnovateUK,s50EmergingTechnologiesreport.Contributeyourthoughtstohorizonsc

4、anningiiik.ukri.orgYourinputaidstheUKinattainingstrategicadvantagewithincrucialfuturetechnologies.Startcreatingthefuture,today.Fivekeyquestions:Astechnologyismoreembeddedinourbodies,willhumansturnintosomethingnewanddifferent?Whatmakesushumanwillbeincreasinglyquestioned.ShouldAlbeallowedtomakedecisio

5、nsonourbehalf?AllaspectsofbusinessandsocietywillbetransformedthroughAlandcomputing.Ifhumanscanexpectacenturyofgoodhealth,whatdoesthismeanforemployment,pensionsorhousing?Thequalityandlengthofourliveswillbegreaterthaneverbefore.Willashifttowardscleaner,affordableenergychangethewayweliveandwork?Atransf

6、ormedenergysystemcouldhelpnewindustriestothrive.WhatwillavastexpansionofourunderstandingoftheworldmeanfortheUKeconomy?TheUK,sabilitytodrawonitsresearchandbusinessstrengthswillhelpussolvebigproblemsandseizeopportunities.Youranswerstoquestionslikethesewillshapeourfuture.FOREWORD BY Indro Mukerjee Chie

7、f Executive, Innovate UKUnleashing opportunities for the UK,s leadershipTheUKisanimportantglobalplayerininnovation.Ournationboastsrecognisedexpertiseacrossmanytechnologicaldomains,rangingfromartificialintelligenceandmaterialssciencetoroboticsandhealthcare.Atthesametime,therearemanychallengesfacingth

8、eeconomy,societyandtheenvironmentthatmakeitessentialthatwedriveinnovationfurtherandfaster.InnovateUKistheUK,sinnovationagency,andweworktosupporteconomicandproductivitygrowththroughsupportinginnovativebusinesses.Wealsoworktohelpcatalyse,connect,andstimulateideas-andthatworkisattheheartofthisInnovateU

9、K50EmergingTechnologiesreport.TheInnovateUKteamhasdelvedintosomekeycutting-edgetechnologieswhicharestillintheirinfancy,andframedthoughtstostimulatediscussion;tostimulateideas;andtostimulatepossiblefutureinnovation.Theideaspresentedhavethepotentialto,directlyorindirectly,stimulateactivitieswhichcould

10、helpUKorganisationsseizetheinitiativeandexplorenascentsectorsoftheeconomywithpotentialforgrowth.Consider,forinstance,space-basedsolarpower,aconceptthatoffersthetantalisingprospectofanuninterrupted,cleanenergysource.Furthermore,softroboticsholdstremendouspotentialforthedevelopmentofartificialmusclesa

11、ndorgansthatcloselyresembletheirbiologicalcounterparts.TheInnovateUKteamrecognisesthatthemostcrucialelementliesnotinthetechnologyitself,butratherinthepeopleandinnovativebusinessesandorganisationsbehindthem,spreadacrosstheUK.Itisthesevisionaryentitiesthatpossesstheabilitytorecognisepotentialandtransf

12、ormitintocommerciallysuccessfulproductsofthefuture.Inthisreport,wearenotseekingtopredictthefuture,buttostimulatecuriosity,shareknowledge,andconsidertheartofthepossible.Wewillsharethisreportacrossourinnovationecosystem-acrossbusinesses,researchandtechnologyorganisations,governmentalbodies,investors,l

13、enders,academicinstitutions,andothers.WearekeentoreceivefeedbackandkeentostimulateinnovationinactionforthebenefitoftheUKeconomyandsothatwecanworkonoursharedgoaltotransformtomorrowtogether.ContentsEnergyandEnvironmentalIntroduction05Technologies20HealthandMedical29Howthereportisorganised05TechnologyH

14、owwemadethereport06Cross-linkedpolymerrecycling21Adultstemcellgeneration30Gridscalewirelessenergy21Fluxomics30Al,Digitaland07transmissionandchargingAnti-ageingdrugs-3(ComputingTechnologiesHypersonics22Antibioticreplacements31Alemotionandexpressionrecognition08Novelpropulsionorionbasedpropulsion22Mic

15、robiometherapeuticsPersonalisedRNAtherapeutics3232Artificialgeneral08-2i-intelligence(AGI)BiologicallyinspiredAl-08-andstoragetechnologiesNovel-negative-24-Phasedgenomeassemblytools3233Brainmachineinterface(BMI)technologies09emissionstechnologiesdetectionimplantsNuclearfusion24Wholebody-on-a-chipdev

16、ice33Quantumalgorithms0Space-basedsolarpower24DNAdatastorage0Roboticsand34NewcomputingmodelsIlSpaceTechnologiesBiotechnology25Novelimmersiveinterfaces11Artificialcellsandartificiallife26Fullyautonomousvehicles35Nanoscalerobotics75SBacteriaandmicrobe26AdvancedMaterials12manufacturingRoboticOff-Worldm

17、anufacture35andManufacturingBiocatalyticmembranes26-Softrobotics364Dprinting13Spacenuclearpower36Bioelectronicsandelectroceuticals27Biomimeticmaterials13andnovelspacepropulsionsystemsNanoparticlemanufacturing13Hybridmicrobebiotechnology28Verylowearthorbit37Metamaterials14Programmablecells28(VLEO)sat

18、ellitesBiofabricationin28Electronics,PhotonicsStissueengineeringConclusionsand38andQuantumTechnologiesAlternativeandnovel-16-thewayforwardsemiconductorsystemsEmergingmicroscopytechniques17Hyperspectralimaging17Millimetrewaveandterahertztechnologies7Photongenerators18Plasmonics8Post-quantumcryptograp

19、hy19Roomtemperaturesuperconductors19Ourshowcasetechnologiesarehighlightedinbold.TheaimofthisreportistosharesomeofthemostsignificantemergingtechnologieslikelytobeimportanttotheUK,sindustriesof2040andbeyond.INTRODUCTION BYSimone BoekelaaryHead of HorizonScanning, Innovate UK1.ookingthisfarintothefutur

20、emeanswecanstarttalkingwithpartnersacrosstheinnovationecosystemaboutwhatsupport,ifany,isrequiredtorealisethetechnology,sfullpotential.Thesetechnologiesmaynotbethosegettingthemostinterestinpolicyorinvestmentrightnow.Theymaynotbethehottesttopicsinresearchanddevelopmentcircles.Butouranalysissaystheyhav

21、eeconomyandsociety-shapingpotential.Whenreadingthisreport,weneedtorememberthattechnologiesthemselveshavelittleintrinsicvalue.Itisonlywhentheyareputtousethatvaluemanifests.Weknowthegreatestvalueiscreatedwhenmultipletechnologiesarecombined.Whenseveralmaturetechnologiesarebroughttogetherthatcanreallych

22、angetheworld.Forexample,remotesurgerybringstogetherrobotics,Al,advancedmaterials,sensors,imagingtechnologies.Orasmartphonecombinestouchscreenandcameratechnologies,internetandBluetoothconnectivity,GPS,tonamejustafew.Thefocushereisprimarilyonthetechnologyratherthantheirpotentialapplications.Onthebuild

23、ingblocks,ratherthanendresults.Ourhopeisthatbydiscoveringthesetechnologies,youcanconsideroriginalcombinations.Thesemaytheninspirenewapplicationsorsolutionstosocietalchallenges.Theninnovatorsareinspiredtodevelopthesetechnologiesintonewproductsandservices.Andwewillallbeinspiredtoembracethechangethisfu

24、turewillbring.HowthereportisorganisedOur50emergingtechnologiesareorganisedwithintheUKInnovationStrategy,sseventechnologyfamilies.Theywere,inturn,inspiredbyInnovateUK,staxonomyforstructuringandunderstandingthe1,000+technologieswesupport.Thisallowsustoexploretherelationshipsbetweentechnologiesandtechn

25、ologyfamilies.Itensuresthetechnologieswetrackcoverallareasofscienceandtechnology,andallpartsofoureconomy.Foreachtechnology,Wedefineandexplainwhyitisimportant,andexploreitspotentialfuturesignificance.Ineachfamilywehighlightonetechnologywethinkcouldhaveaparticularlymeaningfuleconomicorsocietalimpact.T

26、urnthepagetoseehowweselectedthe50technologies.Read.Share.Discuss.Innovate.Howwemadethereport1 DefineOur question:Which emerging technologies are likely to be important to the UK economy beyond 2040?2-GatheringSurveyofscientistsandresearchersDiscussionswithexpertsUndertakeareviewoftechnologyscansunde

27、rtakenbyothers.4-AnalysisCompareeachshortlistedidea,using30+metrics.Ourcriteria:TimingAdditionalityUKCapabilityOpportunity-SocietalImpact.3FilteringCombinenewideaswithexistingdata.Consider:(i) Isittrulyemergingand(ii) IstheresomeoneintheUKwithexpertise,tocreateashortlist.6OutputUseanalysistoselectin

28、terestingtechnologiesforreport.7-Communication-SharefindingsSeekfeedbackUsefeedbackfornextreport.8-ConclusionSeeonpage38.Al,DigitalandComputingTechnologiesThesetechnologiesmightnotjusttransformthewayweliveourlives,butalsomakeusconsiderwhatitmeanstobehuman.Theycouldblurtheboundariesbetweentherealandv

29、irtualworld,andcreateastep-changeinwhattechcandointhehomeandworkplace.Whiletherearemanypossibilitieswhichoffergreathope,ethicalconsiderationsneedtobefullyconsidered.Ifwedothat,WecanmakesurethatourfuturesocietyharnessestheworldofAl,digitalandcommutingtechnologytothegreatestbenefitofthemostpeople.“Itm

30、ovesustowardscomputingthatmimicshumanbrainprocesses.AlemotionandexpressionrecognitionWhatisit?DevelopingAlthatrecognisesandinterpretshumanemotions.Whyisitinteresting?CanyouimagineaworldwhereAlandhumansworkseamlesslytogether?WhereSiriandAlexaassistusinmorethansimpletasks?oSentientoAlcanrecogniseourem

31、otionsandofferassistance,companionshiporalertmedicalprofessionalswhenweneedhelp.Wemayneedmachinestoexpressemotionalbehavioursoftheirown,forexampleinAlusedinrobots.Thiswouldhelppatientsincarehomeswhereemotionalinteractioniskeytoimprovedwellbeing.Howcoulditchangeourlives?Ithasthepotentialforverypositi

32、veimpacts,improvingourdailylivesinareassuchascareandcompanionship.Developmentwithstrongethicalconsiderationswillopenupendlessopportunities.Artificialgeneralintelligence(AGI)Alisascapableoflearningintellectualtasksashumansare.Withtheflexibilityandresourcefulnessofhumanintelligence,capableofproducingn

33、ewideas.Whyisitinteresting?AGIenablesmachinestobehave,learn,createandperformashumansdo.ItwillhelpusexplorethecreativeabilitiesofAlandunderstandtheincreasingly*naturainteractionsbetweenhumansandmachines.Howcoulditchangeourlives?AGIraisesintriguingquestionsaboutwhatitmeanstobehuman.Willwealwaysbeablet

34、otellifweareinteractingwithmachinesorhumans?Willthatmattertous?Theanswerswillchangeourlivesinwayswedon,tyetexpectandcannotyetforecast.BiologicallyinspiredAlWhatisit?Itspringsfromtheideathatintelligenceemergesasmuchfromcells,bodies,andsocietiesasitdoesfromevolutionandlearning.Traditionally,Alhastried

35、toreproducehumanabilities.Newerapproachestakeinspirationfrombiologicalstructuresthatcanorganisethemselves.Theseincludeevolutionarycomputationandelectronics,artificialneuralnetworks,immunesystems,bioroboticsandswarmintelligence.Whyisitinteresting?Itmovesustowardscomputingthatmimicshumanbrainprocesses

36、,potentiallyallowingcreativebehaviourbymachines.Itcouldprovidenewalgorithmsforplanning,rememberingandvisualstimulation.Howcoulditchangeourlives?ItcouldacceleratethedevelopmentofAlandenablethingsthatotherwisewouldnttbepossible.Itwilllikelyinformusabouthowourworldfunctions.SHOWCASETECHNOLOGY:Brainmach

37、ineinterface(BMI)technologiesWhatisit?Technologiesthatconnectthebrainwithacomputerormachine.Ittranslatesourthoughtsintocommandsthatcancontrolexternalsoftwareorhardware,suchasacomputerorroboticarm.Interfacetechnologiesareoftendividedintothosethat,read,brainactivityanddecodeitsmeaning,andthosethat,wri

38、te,tothebraintomanipulateactivityinspecificregionsandaffecttheirfunction.Whyisitinteresting?Itgetsusclosertoafullinterfacewiththehumanbrain.Theultimateabilitytosharedatabetweenhumansandmachinescouldalterthewayweregardmankinditself.Whatindustriescouldusethis?Medical,ageingsociety,sports,military/defe

39、nce,manufacturing,servicessector.Howcoulditchangeourlives?AdvancedBMItechnologiesarebeingtrialledinprostheticsforpeoplewithmotororsensoryimpairments.Theycouldallowpeoplewhoareparaplegicorquadriplegictoregainlimbcontrol.Thosemissinglimbscouldhavedirectcontrolfrombraintodevice-oftheirprosthetics.uThe

40、ultimate ability to share data between humans and machines could alter the way we regard mankind itself.,Whatdoweneedtostartdiscussing?Thebalancebetweenhelpingandprotectingpeoplewhoneedorwantthistechnologyisabigtopic.Weneedtothinkaboutwhoshouldhaveaccesstothistechnology,andwhatregulations,ifany,aren

41、eeded.Wewouldalsoneedtoworkoutwhathappensifaproductisnolongersupported-thisisaninconveniencewithasmartphone,butamuchbiggerissuewhenadeviceislinkedtoyourbrain.QuantumalgorithmsWhatisit?QuantumalgorithmsareakeyelementofthesoftwareandtoolsthatwillhelpquantumcomputerstopotentiallyOUtPerfOrTnstandardcomp

42、uters.Quantumalgorithmscanbeappliedtoareassuchascryptography,searchoptimisation,andsimulationofquantumsystems.Whyisitinteresting?Quantumcomputersarecoming!Itisessentialthatfornewcomputingparadigmswealsodevelopthesoftwareandtoolstoprovidetheapplicationsthesecomputerscansupport.Howcoulditchangeourlive

43、s?Thekeytogettingvaluefromquantumcomputingwillbefindingthespecificsetofalgorithmsthatquantumcomputersarebetteratthanclassicalcomputers.Weknowsomeofthesealready,buttherearelotsmoretofindanddevelop!DNAdatastorageWhatisit?Itcouldexponentiallyincreasedatastoragecapabilitiesand,theoretically,bepreservedi

44、ndefinitely.IfstheprocessofencodinganddecodingdatatoandfromsynthesizedstrandsofDNAorRNA.Whyisitinteresting?Imaginebeingabletostorezettabytes(thatsahard-to-imagineonebillionterabytes),incompact,high-densityandmolecular-leveldatastorage?Harnessingthepowerofbiotechnologycouldmeetourescalatingdatastorag

45、edemands,especiallyimportantaswelooktoaccesssophisticatedAltechnologies.Imagine being able to store zettabytes (that,s a hard- to-imagine one billion terabytes), in compact, high-density and molecular -level data storage.Howcoulditchangeourlives?Wearereachingthephysicallimitationsofcomputinghardware

46、design.DNAsynthesiscouldremovethislimitation,openingupnewcomputingapplications,capableofstoringandretrievingvastvolumesofdata.uTheseadvancescouldhelptheworldbecomemoreequitable.NewcomputingmodelsWhatisit?Newcomputingtechniquesnotbasedontraditionalcircuittechnology.Whyisitinteresting?Beyondquantumcom

47、puting,thesearenewcomputingmodelsOfferingordersofmagnitudeperformanceimprovementsoutofreachofconventionalcomputers.Theseincludebiological,photonicandneuromorphiccomputing.Howcoulditchangeourlives?Thesetechnologiesforcompletelynewwaystobuildcomputerswillallowscientiststoanswerquestionswhichareimpossibletoday.Theseincludemodellingtehumanbrain,com