【中英文对照版】促进民营经济发展壮大的意见.docx

中共中央、国务院关于促进民营经济发展壮大的意见OpinionsoftheCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilonPromotingtheDevelopmentofthePrivateSector制定机关：中国共产党中央委员会国务院公布日期:2023.07.14施行日期：2023.07.14效力位阶：党内法规制度法规类别：营商环境优化私营企业个体经济综合规定IssuingAuthority：CentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaStateCouncilDateIssued：07-14-2023EffectiveDate：07-14-20231.evelofAuthority：SystemofPartyRegulationsAreaofLaw：OptimizationofDoingBusinessPrivateEnterprisesGeneralProvisionsonIndividualEconomy中共中央、国务院关于促进民 营经济发展壮大的意见OpinionsoftheCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilonPromotingtheDevelopmentofthePrivateSector(July 14, 2023)（2023年7月14日）民营经济是推进中国式现代化 的生力军，是高质量发展的重 要基础，是推动我国全面建成 社会主义现代化强国、实现第 二个百年奋斗目标的重要力 量。为促进民营经济发展壮 大，现提出如下意见。一、总体要求TheprivatesectorisamajordriverofmodernizationfollowingaChinesepath,animportantfoundationforhigh-qualitydevelopment,andanimportantplayerinpromotingrealizationoftheSecondCentenaryGoalofdevelopingChinaintoagreatmodernsocialistcountryinallrespects.Thefollowingopinionsareherebyofferedforthepurposesofpromotingthedevelopmentoftheprivatesector.I. GeneralrequirementsUndertheguidanceofXiJinpingThoughtonSocialismwithChineseCharacteristicsforaNewEra,weW川thoroughlyimplementthespiritofthe20thCPCNationalCongress,upholdtheprincipleofpursuingprogresswhileensuringstability,fully,accurately,comprehensivelyapplynewdevelopmentconcepts,establishanewdevelopmentpattern,strivetopromotehigh-qualitydevelopment,andcarryoutreformtoimprovethesocialistmarketeconomy.Underthe"twounwaveringly"principle(unwaveringlyconsolidatinganddevelopingthepublicsectoroftheeconomyandunswervinglyencouraging,supporting,andguidingthedevelopmentofthenon-publicsector),weW川createamarket-oriented,law-based,andinternationalfirst-classbusinessenvironment,optimizethedevelopmentenvironmentfortheprivatesector,protectthepropertyrightsofprivateenterprisesandtherightsandinterestsofentrepreneurs,andestablishacordialandcleanrelationshipbetweengovernmentandbusiness,sothatallsectorsoftheeconomyequallyusefactorsofproduction,fairlycompeteinthemarket,andreceiveequallegalprotection.Wewillguideprivateenterprisesincontinuouslyimprovingthequalityofdevelopmentthroughtheirreform,development,compliantoperations,andtransformation,soastoenabletheprivatesectortodevelop,makepositivecontributionsinthenewjourneytodevelopChinaintoamodernsocialistcountryinallrespects,andperformgreatermissions,responsibilities,androlesinthehistoricprocessofnationalrejuvenation.II. Continuingtooptimizethedevelopmentenvironmentfortheprivatesector以习近平新时代中国特色社会 主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党 的二十大精神，坚持稳中求进 工作总基调，完整、准确、全 面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建 新发展格局，着力推动高质量 发展，坚持社会主义市场经济 改革方向，坚持“两个毫不动 摇”，加快营造市场化、法治 化、国际化一流营商环境，优 化民营经济发展环境，依法保 护民营企业产权和企业家权 益，全面构建亲清政商关系， 使各种所有制经济依法平等使 用生产要素、公平参与市场竞 争、同等受到法律保护，引导 民营企业通过自身改革发展、 合规经营、转型升级不断提升 发展质量，促进民营经济做大 做优做强，在全面建设社会主 义现代化国家新征程中作出积 极贡献，在中华民族伟大复兴 历史进程中肩负起更大使命、 承担起更重责任、发挥出更大 作用。二、持续优化民营经济发 展环境构建高水平社会主义市场经济Effortsshallbemadetobuildahigh-levelsocialistmarketeconomy,continuetooptimizethestable,fair,transparent,andpredictabledevelopmentenvironment,andinjectvitalityintotheprivatesector.1. Continuingtoremovebarrierstomarketaccess.Allregionsandauthoritiesshallnotcreateanobstacletoassessintheformofrecordation,registration,annualinspection,accreditation,certification,designation,orrequiringtheformationofabranch,amongothers,orindisguise.Theyshallreviewandregulatethepreconditionsandapprovalstandardsforgovernmentservicematterssuchasadministrativeapproval,permission,andrecordation,andshallneitherconvertgovernmentservicemattersintointermediaryservicemattersnorwithoutalegalandregulatorybasis,requireenterprisestoindependentlyconductatest,aninspection,certification,appraisal,ornotarizationorprovidecertification,amongothers,beforeprovidinggovernmentservices.Theyshallsteadilyassessmarketaccessefficiency,establishacomplaintandresponsemechanismforbarrierstomarketaccess,andimprovetheconcentrationandreportingsystemfortypicalcases.体制，持续优化稳定公平透明 可预期的发展环境，充分激发 民营经济生机活力。（一）持续破除市场准入壁 垒。各地区各部门不得以备 案、注册、年检、认定、认 证、指定、要求设立分公司等 形式设定或变相设定准入障 碍。清理规范行政审批、许 可、备案等政务服务事项的前 置条件和审批标准，不得将政 务服务事项转为中介服务事 项，没有法律法规依据不得在 政务服务前要求企业自行检 测、检验、认证、鉴定、公证 或提供证明等。稳步开展市场 准入效能评估，建立市场准入 壁垒投诉和处理回应机制，完 善典型案例归集和通报制度Q（二）全面落实公平竞争政策 制度。强化竞争政策基础地 位，健全公平竞争制度框架和 政策实施机制，坚持对各类所 有制企业一视同仁、平等对 待。强化制止滥用行政权力排 除限制竞争的反垄断执法。未 经公平竞争不得授予经营者特 许经营权，不得限定经营、购 买、使用特定经营者提供的商 品和服务。定期推出市场干预 行为负面清单，及时清理废除2. Fullyimplementingthefaircompetitionpolicyandinstitutions.Thebasicpositionofcompetitionpolicyshallbeenhancedbyimprovingtheframeworkoffaircompetitioninstitutionsandthepolicyimplementationmechanismandequallytreatingenterprisesheldinalltypesofownership.Anti-monopolylawenforcementactionsshallbestrengthenedtopreventtheabuseofadministrativepowerthateliminatesandrestrictscompetition.Concessionsmaynotbegrantedtoabusinesswithoutfaircompetition,norshalldistribution,purchase,orusebelimitedtothegoodsandservicesprovidedbyaspecificbusiness.Anegativelistofinterventionsinthemarketshallberegularlyreleasedtopromptlyreviewandrepealpoliciesthatcontainlocalprotectionism,marketfragmentation,ordesignatedtransactionsorotherwiseobstructaunifiedmarketandfaircompetition.Methodsforimplementingindustrialpoliciesshallbeoptimizedbyestablishingandpromptlymakingpubliclyavailablealistofenterprise-relatedpreferentialpolicies.3. Improvingsocialcreditincentiveandrestraintmechanisms.Thecreditinformationrecordingandsharingsystemshallbeimproved,thecreditundertakingsystemshallbecomprehensivelypromoted,andinformationonundertakingsandperformanceofcontractsshallbeenteredincreditrecords.Thecreditincentivemechanismshallbeusedtoenhancethesenseofgainforenterpriseswithgoodcreditstanding.Thecreditconstraintmechanismshallbeimprovedtopunishliableentitiesaccordingtothelistofpunitivemeasuresfordishonesty.Thecreditrepairmechanismforcorrectionofdishonestyshallbeimprovedbystudyingandissuingrelevantadministrativemeasures.Themechanismforthegovernment'shonestperformanceofcontractsshallbeimprovedbyestablishingandimprovingarecordingandpunishmentsystemforgovernmentdishonestyandenteringinformationonbreachofcontract,repudiationofacontract,delinquencies,refusaltosatisfyjudicialadjudications,andotherdishonestybyagenciesandinstitutionsintotheNationalCreditInformationSharingPlatform.含有地方保护、市场分割、指 定交易等妨碍统一市场和公平 竞争的政策。优化完善产业政 策实施方式，建立涉企优惠政 策目录清单并及时向社会公 开。（三）完善社会信用激励约束 机制。完善信用信息记录和共 享体系，全面推广信用承诺制 度，将承诺和履约信息纳入信 用记录。发挥信用激励机制作 用，提升信用良好企业获得 感。完善信用约束机制，依法 依规按照失信惩戒措施清单对 责任主体实施惩戒。健全失信 行为纠正后的信用修复机制， 研究出台相关管理办法。完善 政府诚信履约机制，建立健全 政务失信记录和惩戒制度，将 机关、事业单位的违约毁约、 拖欠账款、拒不履行司法裁判 等失信信息纳入全国信用信息 共享平台。（四）完善市场化重整机制。鼓励民营企业盘活存量资产回收资金。坚持精准识别、分类施策，对陷入财务困境但仍具有发展前景和挽救价值的企4. Improvingthemarket-orientedreorganizationmechanism.Privateenterprisesshallbeencouragedtoliquidateunusedassets.Basedonaccurateidentificationandclassifiedpolicies,bankruptcyreorganizationandcompositionproceduresshallbeappliedtoenterprisesin业，按照市场化、法治化原 则，积极适用破产重整、破产 和解程序Q推动修订企业破产 法并完善配套制度。优化个体 工商户转企业相关政策，降低 转换成本。financialdifficultiesbutwithpotentialfordevelopmentandworthrescue,undertheprincipleofmarketizationandruleoflaw.TherevisionoftheEnterpriseBankruptcyLawshallbepromoted,andsupportinginstitutionsshallbeimproved.Policiesrelatedtotheconversionofindividualindustrialandcommercialhouseholdsintoenterprisesshallbeoptimizedtoreduceconversioncosts.III.Increasingpolicysupportfortheprivatesector三、加大对民营经济政策支持力度精准制定实施各类支持政策， 完善政策执行方式，加强政策 协调性，及时回应关切和利益 诉求，切实解决实际困难。（五）完善融资支持政策制 度。健全银行、保险、担保、 券商等多方共同参与的融资风 险市场化分担机制。健全中小 微企业和个体工商户信用评级 和评价体系，加强涉企信用信 息归集，推广“信易贷”等服 务模式。支持符合条件的民营 中小微企业在债券市场融资， 鼓励符合条件的民营企业发行 科技创新公司债券，推动民营 企业债券融资专项支持计划扩 大覆盖面、提升增信力度。支 持符合条件的民营企业上市融 资和再融资。Varioussupportpoliciesshallbeaccuratelymadeandimplemented,theirimplementationmethodsshallbeimproved,andsuchpoliciesshallbecoordinated,soasrespondtopromptlyconcernsanddemandsandsolvepracticaldifficulties.5. Improvingfinancingsupportpoliciesandinstitutions.Themarket-basedfinancingrisksharingmechanisminvolvingbanks,insurers,guaranteeproviders,securitiesfirms,andotherpartiesshallbeimproved.Thecreditratingandevaluationsystemformicro,smallandmediumsizedenterprisesandindividualindustrialandcommercialhouseholdsshallbeimprovedbystrengtheningtheconcentrationofenterprise-relatedcreditinformationandpromotingservicemodelssuchas,'EasyFiduciaryLoan.Eligiblemicro,smallandmedium-sizedprivateenterprisesshallbesupportedinraisingfinanceinthebondmarket;eligibleprivateenterprisesshallbeencouragedtoissuecorporatebondsforscientificandtechnologicalinnovation;specialsupportplansforbondfinancingofprivateenterprisesshallbepromptedtoexpandcoverageandcreditenhancements.Theinitialandseasonedofferingsbyeligibleprivateenterprisesshallbesupported.6. Improvingtheregularpreventionanddischargemechanismfordelinquencies.TheRegulationonGuaranteeingthePaymentofSmallandMedium-sizedEnterprisesshallbeenforcedbyimprovingthelong-termmechanismpreventandaddressdelinquenciesowedtosmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesandincreaseeffortstoholdliablepersonsaccountable.Agencies,publicorganizations,andlargeenterprisesshallnotrefuseordelaypaymentstosmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesandindividualindustrialandcommercialhouseholdsonthegroundsofchangesinpersonnel,performanceofinternalpaymentprocedures,orwaitforapprovalofacceptanceuponcompletionandauditingoffinalaccountsintheabsenceofstipulationsinthecontract,amongothers.Asystemforregulardisclosureofdelinquencies,adviceandguidance,andlawenforcementactionsshallbeestablished.Thedisclosureofinformationoncommercialdraftsshallbeenhancedtoimprovethecreditconstraintmechanisminthenegotiableinstrumentmarket.Thecomplainthandlingandcreditoversightmechanismfordelinquenciesshallbeimprovedbyreleasingcasesinvolvingmaliciousdelinquencies.Themechanismforregularconnectionbetweenthedischargeofdelinquenciesandtheaudit,supervisoryinspection,visitation,andothersystemsshallbeimproved.（六）完善拖欠账款常态化预 防和清理机制。严格执行保 障中小企业款项支付条例， 健全防范化解拖欠中小企业账 款长效机制，依法依规加大对 责任人的问责处罚力度。机 关、事业单位和大型企业不得 以内部人员变更，履行内部付 款流程，或在合同未作约定情 况下以等待竣工验收批复、决 算审计等为由，拒绝或延迟支 付中小企业和个体工商户款 项。建立拖欠账款定期披露、 劝告指导、主动执法制度。强 化商业汇票信息披露，完善票 据市场信用约束机制。完善拖 欠账款投诉处理和信用监督机 制，加强对恶意拖欠账款案例 的曝光。完善拖欠账款清理与 审计、督查、巡视等制度的常 态化对接机制。7. Suitingtheneedforskilledandordinaryworkers.TheflowofSk川edworkerstoprivateenterprisesshallbekeptunimpededbyimprovingpoliciesandmechanismsforthecontinuityofpersonnelmanagement,recordsmanagement,andsocialsecurity.Themeasuresfortheevaluationofprofessionaltitlesforprivate（七）强化人才和用工需求保 障。畅通人才向民营企业流动 渠道，健全人事管理、档案管 理、社会保障等接续的政策机 制。完善民营企业职称评审办 法，畅通民营企业职称评审渠 道，完善以市场评价为导向的 职称评审标准。搭建民营企enterprisesshallbeimprovedtofacilitatetheevaluationofprofessionaltitlesforprivate业、个体工商户用工和劳动者 求职信息对接平台。大力推进 校企合作、产教融合。推进民 营经济产业工人队伍建设，优 化职业发展环境。加强灵活就 业和新就业形态劳动者权益保 障，发挥平台企业在扩大就业 方面的作用。enterprises,andthestandardsfortheevaluationofprofessionaltitlesbasedonmarketevaluationshallbeimproved.Aplatformshallbebuilttomatchrecruitingprivateenterprisesandindividualindustrialandcommercialhouseholdstojobseekers.Cooperationbetweenschoolsandenterprisesandtheintegrationofbusinessandteachingshallbeadvanced.Apoolofindustrialworkersintheprivatesectorshallbecreated,andtheircareerdevelopmentenvironmentshallbeoptimized.Therightsandinterestsofworkersemployedflexiblyandinnewformsshallbeprotectedtoensurethatplatformenterprisesexpandemployment.(A)完善支持政策直达快享 机制。充分发挥财政资金直达 机制作用，推动涉企资金直达 快享。加大涉企补贴资金公开 力度，接受社会监督。针对民 营中小微企业和个体工商户建 立支持政策“免申即享”机 制，推广告知承诺制，有关部 Il能够通过公共数据平台提取 的材料，不再要求重复提供。(九)强化政策沟通和预期引 导。依法依规履行涉企政策调 整程序，根据实际设置合理过 渡期。加强直接面向民营企业 和个体工商户的政策发布和解 读引导。支持各级政府部门邀 请优秀企业家开展咨询，在涉 企政策、规划、标准的制定和 评估等方面充分发挥企业家作8. Improvingthemechanismfordirectandfastaccesstosupportpolicies.Themechanismfordirectaccesstogovernmentgrantsshallbeusedtopromotethedirectandfastaccesstoenterprise-relatedgrants.Enterprise-relatedsubsidiesshallbemadepubliclyavailableforpublicsupervision.Amechanismforautomaticeligibilityforsupportpoliciesshallbeestablishedformicro,smallandmedium-sizedprivateenterprisesandindividualindustrialandcommercialhouseholds,theinformedundertakingsystemshallbepromoted,andmaterialsthatrelevantauthoritiescanaccessonpublicdataplatformswillnolongerberequiredtobeprovided.9. Communicatingpolicyandguidingexpectations.Enterprise-relatedpolicyadjustmentproceduresshallbefollowedinaccordancewithlawsandregulations,withareasonabletransitionperiodsetbasedonactualconditions.Theissuance,explanation,andguidanceofpoliciesdirectedatprivateenterprisesandindividualindustrialandcommercialhouseholdsshallbestrengthened.Governmentdepartmentsshallbesupportedininvitingoutstandingentrepreneurstoprovide用oadvice,soastoensurethatentrepreneursplaytheirroleinthemakingandassessmentofenterprise-relatedpolicies,plans,andstandardsandotheraspects.IV.Strengtheninglegalsafeguardsforthedevelopmentoftheprivatesector四、强化民营经济发展法 治保障Thelegalenvironmentthatequallyprotectsallsectorsoftheeconomyshallbeimprovedtocreategoodandstableexpectationsforthedevelopmentoftheprivatesector.健全对各类所有制经济平等保 护的法治环境，为民营经济发 展营造良好稳定的预期。10. Protectingthepropertyrightsofprivateenterprisesandtherightsandinterestsofentrepreneurs.Interventionsineconomicdisputesbyadministrativeorcriminalmeansandlocalprotectionisminlawenforcementandjusticeshallbepreventedandaddressed.Measuresofconstraintrelatedtopropertyrightsshallbefurtherregulatedtoavoidplacingunderseal,impounding,andfreezepropertybeyondauthority,scope,amount,andtimelimit.Forcase-relatedcommercialpropertynotsuitableforseizure,impoundment,orfreezingthepartiesconcernedmaybeallowedtocontinuetousesuchpropertyreasonablywhilenormalinvestigationactivitiesareensured,andnecessaryvalueprotectionandcustodialmeasuresshallbetakentominimizetheeffectsofinvestigationandcasehandlingonnormalbusinesstransactionsandlegalproductionandoperations.Thepetitionandretrialmechanismforenterprise-relatedcasesandtheeffectivepreventionandregularcorrectionmechanismformisjudgedcasesshallbeimproved.（十）依法保护民营企业产权 和企业家权益。防止和纠正利 用行政或刑事手段干预经济纠 纷，以及执法司法中的地方保 护主义。进一步规范涉产权强 制性措施，避免超权限、超范 围、超数额、超时限查封扣押 冻结财产。对不宜查封扣押冻 结的经营性涉案财物，在保证 侦查活动正常进行的同时，可 以允许有关当事人继续合理使 用，并采取必要的保值保管措 施，最大限度减少侦查办案对 正常办公和合法生产经营的影 响。完善涉企案件申诉、再审 等机制，健全冤错案件有效防 范和常态化纠正机制。（十一）构建民营企业源头防11. Establishingsystemsandmechanismsforprivateenterprisestopreventandtacklingcorruptionatsource.Judicialinterpretationsshallbeissuedtopunishtheemployeesofprivateenterprisesforembezzlement,misappropriationoffunds,acceptanceofbribes,andothercorruption.Therecoveryanddispositionmechanismforpropertyinvolvedincasesshallbeimproved.Thecompliancereformforenterprisesinvolvedincasesshallbeimplementedtopromotethecompliantoperationofprivateenterprises.Corruptioninprivateenterprisesshallbetackledatsource,andprivateenterprisesshallbeguidedinestablishingastrictauditandsupervisionsystemandaccountingsystem.CPCorganizationsinprivateenterprisesshallbeusedtopromptenterprisestostrengthenlegaleducationandcreateacorporatecultureadvocatinghonestyandintegrity.Acorruptiontacklingmechanismforprivateenterpriseswithdiversifiedparticipantsshallbeestablished.Privateenterprisescomplyingwiththelawandfreeofcorruptionshallbedeveloped.范和治理腐败的体制机制。出 台司法解释，依法加大对民营 企业工作人员职务侵占、挪用 资金、受贿等腐败行为的惩处 力度。健全涉案财物追缴处置 机制。深化涉案企业合规改 革，推动民营企业合规守法经 营。强化民营企业腐败源头治 理，引导民营企业建立