易错点09：阅读理解（天津专用）解析.docx

2024年中考英语满分冲刺之易错题轻松突破易错点09阅读理解-备战2024年中考英语考试易错题（天津专用）【易错点归纳】阅读理解易错点：1、细节理解题易错点09常识判断，因果识别，语义转化，真假鉴别2、推理判断题常识陷阱，文章来源，作者观点和态度，由已知推未知3、猜测词义题指代，上下文逻辑，熟词生义，难句释义4.主旨大意/段落大意/最佳标题过于笼统，不知所云；以偏概全，主次不分；无中生有，偷换概念等。【天津2018-2023六年考情分析】突出语篇，重视综合阅读理解能力的考查，既考查考生从字里行间直接获取信息的能力，又检测了考生分析推理、提取信息的综合能力。从题型上看，细节理解题趋势变多（！），推理判断题趋势变少，猜测词义每年都有，主旨大意、段落大意和最佳标题等题型也要重视。细节理解推理判断猜测词义主旨大意段落大意最佳标题20231021112022121I1202113112020103112019IlII1I20187611题号20232022202120202019201846细节理解细节理解细节理解细节理解细节理解细节理解阅47细节理解细节理解细节理解细节理解细节理解细节理解读48细节理解细节理解细节理解细节理解细节理解细节理解A49推理判断细节理解细节理解推理判断细节理解细节理解RiT甲当I际力（2023辽宁鞍山中考真题）Chinahasmadeasystemoflawstoprotecttheenvironment.IthashelpedbuildbeautifulChina,accordingtoaworkreport.ThesystemincludestheEnvironmentalProtection1.awandalotoflawsinsomeotherareas,suchastheYangtzeRiverProtection1.aw,theYellowRiverProtection1.aw,theBlackSoil（土壤）Protection1.aw,thelawontheQinghai-TibetPlateauandsoon.TheseenvironmentalprotectionlawsassistwithbeautifulChina.Chinaprotectsandimprovestheenvironmentinwhichpeoplelive.Ithasmadegreateffortstopreventandcontrolpollution.Overthepastfiveyears,theairquality（质量）hasstayedatthegoodlevelon86.5percentofthedaysincities.Thecountryhasalsomadeprogressinpreventingandcontrollingsoilpollutionandcontinuedtoprotectforests,rivers,lakesandsoon.What,smore,Chinahasmanagedtomakelawstoprotectwildanimalsandplants,providehomesformanyanimalsandteachthepublictohelpthem.Animalsarefriendsofhumans,andprotectinganimalsisalsotoprotectthehomeofhumans.Agoodenvironmentisimportanttohumans.Withoutthefreshairorcleanwater,wecan'tliveontheearth.TheChinesegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotectboth,theenvironmentandourselves.1. ThereareatleastlawsinParagraph2.A.5B.6C.7D.82. Theunderlinedword“assist“inParagraph2issimilarto.A.partB.agreeC.helpD.deal3. AccordingtoParagraph3,wehavedonesomethingtoprotecttheanimals,including.©providinghomesformanyanimals©givinganimalsmorefood©teachingthepublictohelpanimals©makinglawstoprotectwildanimalsandplantsA.B.C.D.®4. Overthepastfiveyears,theairqualityincitieshasgenerallystayedatthelevel.A.badB.terribleC.poorD.good5. Whafsthemainideaofthepassage?A. AsystemoflawshasbeenmadetoprotectsoilaroundChina.B. Thecountryhasmadeprogressinpreventingriverpollution.C. Chinaprotectsandimprovestheenvironmentinwhichpeoplelive.D. Chinahastakenactiontoprotecttheenvironmentandhumans.参考答案：【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D5.D【导语】本文主要介绍了中国已采取了很多行动保护环境和人类。1 .细节理解题。根据“ThesystemincludestheEnvironmentalProtection1.awandalotoflawsinsomeotherareas,suchastheYangtzeRiverProtection1.aw,（heYellowRiverProtection1.aw,theBlackSoil（土壤）Protection1.aw,thelawontheQinghai-TibetPlateauandsoon”可知该体系包括环境保护法和其他一些领域的许多法律，如长江保护法、黄河保护法、黑土保护法、青藏高原法等。故选A。2 .词义猜测题。根据“TheseenvironmentalprotectionlawsassistwithbeautifulChina.,11知这些环境保护法有助于建设美丽的中国，故此处划线部分和help意义相近。故选C。3 .细节理解题。根据“Chinahasmanagedtomakelawstoprotectwildanimalsandplants,providehomesformanyanimalsandteachthepublictohelpthem”可知中国还制定了保护野生动植物的法律，为许多动物提供了家园，并教导公众帮助它们。故选B。4 .细节理解题。根据“Overthepastfiveyears,（heairquality（质量）hasstayedatthegoodIeVer可知在过去的五年里，空气质量一直保持在良好水平。故选D。5 .主旨大意题。根据"TheChinesegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotectboth,theenvironmentandourselves.”以及本文内容可知本文主要介绍了中国已采取了很多行动保护环境和人类。故选D。A组中考真题(1) (2023辽宁鞍山中考真题)Judie,sclasswerestudyingChineseculture.Oneday,herteacherwentintotheclassroomwithsomekites.HetoldthemthatkiteswereinventedinChinamorethantwothousandyearsago.Attheendoftheclass,hesaid,44TheChinesemakekitesthatmeansomethingimportanttothem.Iexpecteachofyoutomakeakitethatmeanssomethingimportanttoyou.Inthatcase,youwillhaveabetterunderstandingofkitesthanbefore?'Judiedecidedtoaskherdadforhelpasitwasherfirsttimetomakeakite.44Whatcanyouthinkofwhenyouseeakite?”herdadasked.Judiethoughtforamomentandanswered,“Butterflies.”Judie,sdadagreedthatitwouldbeagoodideatomakeabutterflykite.Theymadeacrosswithsomewoodsticks,thenJudiepaintedabutterflyonapieceofwhitepaper.Next,theystuckthepaperonthecross.Finally,theytiedalongtailtothebottom.Thenextmorning,theytookthekitetotheparkandtestedit.44Wow!,shecriedproudly,4iHowhighitflies!”ttJudie,canyoutellmewhyyoulikebutterflies?”askedherdad.Judicreplied,fcvTome,butterfliesmeanbeautyandfreedom!,1. Thekiteswereinventedmorethanyearsago.A.1,000B.1,500C.2,000D.2,5002. Judiewantedtomakeakite.A.fishB.pandaC.sheepD.butterfly3. WhenJudiemadeakitesheused.A.clayandsticksB.paintandcardsC.sticksandpaperD.chopsticksandpaper4. WhatdoesabutterflymeantoJudie?A.Beautyandfreedom.B.1.oveandfamily.C.Happinessandluck.D.1.ifeandbeauty.5. WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A. Judieaskedherparentsforhelpandtheyagreed.B. Judiemighthaveabetterunderstandingofkitesthanbefore.C. Judiestuckthepaperonthecrossandtiedalongtailtothetop.D. Judietookthekitetotheyardandplayedwithherdad.ChineseresearchersreachedthetopofQomolangmaonMay4,2022.Theysetuptheworld'shighestautomatic（自动的）weatherstationatanallitude（海拔）of8,830meters.Thishelpsthemtostudytheinfluencesofclimatechangeontheenvironment.Itisthehighestautomaticweatherstationintheworldnow.Ithastakentheplaceofthestationsittingatanaltitudeof8,430metersonthesouthsideofthemountain,whichisthesecondhighestnow.ThisallowsChinesescientiststodirectlycollectdala（数据）forthefirsttimefromthetopoftheworld,shighestmountain.CollectingandstudyingdatafromQomolangmaisnoteasy.Butthedatawillgivevaluableinformationabouttheconditionoflocalglaciers（冰川）andmountainsnow.Itwillalsohelpscientistsstudyandunderstandtheglobalmonsoon（季风）system,soexpertscanmakeproperdecisionsaboutclimatechange.YaoTandong,afamousexpert,saidChinesescientistshadsetupeightweatherstationsfrom5,200to8,830metersabovesealevel.Halfofthestationsweresetupatanaltitudehigherthan7,000meters.44Alongwithstronggovernmentsupportandhardworkbyscientists,Chinahasbecomeaglobalfront-runnerinfieldssuchasclimatechange.Yaosaid.6. Whatisthealtitudeofthehighestautomaticweatherstation?A.5,200meters.B.7,000meters.C.8,430meters.D.8,830meters.7. Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"referto（指代）inParagraph3?A.ReachingthetopofQomolangma.B.Theinfluencesofclimatechange.C.ThedatafromQomolangma.D.Thehighestautomaticweatherstation.8. Howmanyweatherstationsweresetupatanaltitudehigherthan7,000meters?A.Two.B.Four.C.Six.D.Eight.9. WhichSIaIement（陈述）isNOTrightaccordingtothepassage?A. ChinesescientistscandirectlycollectdatafromthetopofQomolangmanow.B. ItishardtocollectandstudydatafromQomolangma.C. Thesecondhighestweatherstationisonthenorthsideofthemountain.D. Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinfieldssuchasclimatechange.10. Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwefindthepassage?A.Science.B.Sports.C.Travel.D.Health.Recently,mydaughterremindedmeofsomeonewesawatthetrainstationafewyearsago.Thatday,mydaughterandIwerewaitingforourtrain.Wewenttobuysomedrinks,andthenwesawtheoldman.Dressedpoorly,hewasstandinginfrontoftheCoUnter(柜台)whilecountingcoinsslowlytobuyjustonebotlleofwater.Thebusinessmanbehindhimsaidimpatiently,4Hey!Can,tyoubequick?Someofushaveatraintocatch!”Hearingthis,theoldmanseemedtobeveryembarrassed,sohewalkedawayquietlyatonce.Itwasmyturn.Iboughtourtwodrinksandtheoldman,swateraswell.Wcwalkeduptohimandgavehimthewaterwithasmile.Afterwalkingaway,mydaughtercomplained,tDad,theoldmanissoimpolite.Hedidn'tevensaytthankyou,tous!”Itoldherthatwedidthisnottogetatthankyou“fromotherpeople.Wejustwantedtobenice.Now,mydaughteralwaysreachesouttohelppeople.Shewaves,makeseyeColnaCl(接触)andsays"hi"topeopleonthestreet.Sheholdsdoorsforpeople.SheSCOODSupthingsthatotherpeopledrop.WhenImentionedthisrecently,sheseemedsurprised.Iaskedherwhyshewassokindallthelime.Shesaid,44Becauseitisjustrighttobethatway."Thensheadded,ttAndbecauseIseeyoudothatallthetime.”11. Whydidthewriterbuyabotlleofwaterfortheoldman?A.Becausetheoldmanwasoneofhisfriends.B.Becausehewasaniceperson.C.Becausehisdaughteraskedhimtodothat.D.Becausehewantedtheoldmantosaykthankyou,12. Whatistherightorderoftheeventsthathappenedatthetrainstationaccordingtothepassage?©Thewriter'sdaughtercomplained.(2)Thebusinessmanfeltimpatient.Theoldmancountedcoinstobuywater.Thewriterboughtwaterfortheoldman.A.(DB.C.D.©(D13. Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scoops“probablymeaninParagraph4?A.Breaks.B.Collects.C.Puts.D.Picks.14. Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat.A. theoldmansaiduthankyou“tothewriterandhisdaughterB. thebusinessmanboughtabottleofwaterfortheoldmanC. thewriter'sdaughterhardlyreachesouttohelppeopleD. thewritersetsagoodexampletohisdaughterinherlife15. What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Totellustolearntosharewithothers.B.Totellusnottolaughatthepoor.C.Totelluskindnessinactionspeakslouderthanwords.D.Tbshareafunnyexperiencewithus.（4（2023内蒙古中考真题）FormanygirlsfromvillagesinChina,adreamjobcouldbeanything,exceptworkinginavillage.ButZhangGuifang,a24-year-oldcollegegraduate,gaveuprunningherbusinessinTianjinandreturnedtohervillage.AsayoungmemberoftheCommunistPartyofChina,shewaschosenasthePartysecretaryofSanjiavillageinDecember,2021.Althoughsheoncehadmanywaystodevelophervillage,theyweren'tputintopracticebecauseoflackingmoney.Thettrainbowvillageideawasacceptedbecauseitdidn'tcostalotofmoney.Zhanghopedtobringinmanytouriststhroughthisprojectanddevelopthelocaleconomy（经济）.Shespentfivemonthsplanningthecreationofwallpaintingsofcolourfulsunflowers,wingsandballoonstomakethehousesandwallsofthevillagebeautiful.Forthefirsttime,Sanjiahasbecomefamous,withpicturesofthevillagespreadingquicklyontheInternet.Asayoungvillagehead,Zhang,sjobisn,teasy.Thereareendlessthingstodo,andtherearenodaysoff.Sheoftencriedatfirstandoncewantedtogiveup.Butshetoldherselfthatnomatterhowhardthingswere,shewouldholdonforanothermonth.Slowly,shewasapproved（认可）bymanyvillagers,whichimprovedherconfidenceandledhertosetbiggergoals.Zhanghopedthataslongasshewasthere,Sanjiawouldgoinabetterdirectiontowardsabrightfuture.16. WhatdidZhangdoinTianjin?A.Sheranherownbusiness.B.ShedrewpicturesforSanjiavillage.C.Sheopenedastudybaseinthevillage.D.Shesoldbottlesofwateronthestreet.17. WhichisthecorrectorderoftheexperiencesaboutZhangGuifang?©ShewaschosenasthePartysecretaryofSanjiavillage.Sheplannedthecreationoft4rainbowvillage”.（3）ShereturnedtoSanjiavillage.Shewasapprovedbymanyvillagers.A.®®®®B.C.D.®®®18. What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"endless”?A.结束的B.最后的C.无止境的D.完成的19. WhichofthewordscandescribeZhang?A.Humorousandsuccessful.B.Quietandconfident.C.Excellentandhonest.D.Creativeandhard-working.20. Whatisthethemeofthepassage?A.Family.B.Health.C.Travel.D.Society.（5） （2023江苏盐城,中考真题）WhenMarkwalkedempty-handedupthesand,thesunwasshiningbrightly.Thewatchingchildrenwereasdisappointedashewas.Theylookedateachotherandspokesoftlysohecouldn'thear.“Isthatalir“Ishegivingup?”ButMarkwasn'tgivingup.Herestedonthehotsand.Heatesomechocolatebiscuitsandfedenergybackintohisbody.Slowlyhisstrengthanddeterminationreturned.ttWouldtheCrayfiSh（鳌虫F）stillbethere?”Hewondered.Markknewcrayfishusuallyhidinthedarknessbeneathrocks,onlycomingoutatnighttofeed.Howlongwouldhiscrayfishremaintherebeforeitwentbackundertherocks?Markforcedhimselftobepatient.Helayonhisbackinthesun,eyesclosed,nearlyasleep.Excitementandspeedwouldonlywasteenergy.FinallyMarkroseandwentbackintothewater.Thechildren,watchingfromtheshore,WereSiIenl.Theywailed,twisiing（纳!绕）CUrlSOfhaiKinIheirfingers,diggingtheirIeethintoIheirknees.Outinthebay,thecrayfishwasstillthere.ItsfeelersmovedintheCUrrentS（水流）.Marktooklong,slow,deepbreaths.Hecheeredhimselfupwithencouragingwords,ticandoit.Ican.Icandoit."Overandoverhetoldhimself,hopinghismindwouldgettheideaandbelieveit.Downhedived.Down.Down.Down.1.ungsbursting,earspopping,eyespainful.Nearlythere.Pressure（ffi力）,Pressure.Hcreachedouthishands.Reaching.Reaching.Butitwasnogood.Hecouldn'tmakeit.Onlyanarm,slengthaway,buthecouldn,treachthecrayfish.Uphewent.Tired,burning,disappointed,annoyed.Floatingonthesurface,hetoldhimselfoff.ttYouhurriedtoomuch.Takeyourtime.Prepareyourself.Don,tdiveuntileverythingfeelsrightJhespoketohimselfcalmly,andhefelttheconfidencebuildingupinsidehim.44Icandoit.Icandoit."Hefeltgood.Itwasgoingtobeagooddive.Breathingdeeply,relaxing,concentrating.Threemorebreaths.One,two,three.Down!21. Whatwastheweatherlikein（hestory?A.Sunny.B.Windy.C.Cloudy.D.Foggy.22. Whatdocstheunderlinedword“beneath"inParagraph5mean?A.Above.B.Under.C.Beside.D.Behind.23. Fromtheunderlinedsentence,wecanseethechildrenwere.A.tiredB.excitedC.amazedD.nervous24. Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A. Markcaughtthecrayfishatlast.B.Markwasbuildinguphisconfidence.C. Marklostheartandplannedtogiveup.D.Markhurriedtodivebeforeeverythingwasright.25.What,sthemainideaofthestory?D. WhatMarkatetogethisenergyback.B.WhatMarkdidtoreducehispressure.E. HowMarkkepttryingtogetthecrayfish.D.HowMarkpreparedhimselfwellfordiving.（6） （2023山东德州中考真题）ScientiststrainAItoreadhumanthoughtsScientistshavecreatedanewtoolthatcanturnpeople'sthoughtsintowords.ItworksbyusinganAIprogramcalledGPrPltotranslatebrainactivitywords.Inordertoachievethis,scientistsdidalot.First,scientistsgoteverythingreadybeforethetests.Theyinvitedsomevolunteers.Eachspentsixteenhourslisteningtostoriesinascanner（扫描仪）.Theyimaginedthestoriesastheyheardthem,andthescannerrecordedtheirbrainactivity.GPT-Imadeconnectionsbetweentheideasinthestoriesandtherecordingsofthelisteners,brainactivity.Thencamethetests.Thescientistsdidtheminthreedifferentways.Test1Theresearchersplayedanewstory.GPT-Iwasonlygivenrecordingsofthevolunteers,brainactivity.ButthewordsthatGPT-Ipredicted（预测）wereverysimilartothewordsinthestorythattheywerelisteningto.Thewordsweren'texactlythesame,buttheyoftencarriedthesamemeaning.Forexample,whenavolunteerwaslisteningtoastoryaboutawomanwhodidn,thaveadriver,slicense（驾照），theprogramcameupwiththis:ttShehasn,tevenstartedtoIeamtodriveyet.”Test2Thescientistsalsocarriedoutthetestwhenvolunteersimaginedtheirownstories."Itreallyworksatthelevelofideas.TheideasarethesamebutexpressedindifferentWOrdSJsaysAlexanderHuth,oneofthescientistsbehindthestudy.Test3Theresearchersshowedthevolunteerssilentmovies,withnospokenwordsatall.GPT-Icouldstillfigureout（算出）thebasicideas.Afterthetests,thescientistssaythatGPT-IisthefirstAIprogramtotumwhatpeoplearethinkingintowordswithoutbrainsurgery（夕卜科手术）.Thetoolisn'tsomethingthatcanbeeasilyusedtoday,mainlybecauseofthesizeandthecostofthescanner.Inthefuture,theybelieve,asimilarbutcheapertoolcouldhelppeoplewhohavelosttheabilitytospeakbecauseofaninjuryordisease.Thescientistssaytheirtoolcan,tbeusedtotreadpeople,sminds“withoutpermission（允许）.Thetoolonly26. Whatwasthescannerusedtodo?A.Recordbrainactivity.C.Catchtheideasofsto