翻译万有力与电磁力统一的内容b.docx

rateisfastandslow,thechangeanplitudeislargeandsmall,andthefollowingisthechangecurveofthreekindsofgravityandrepulsion.GraphsofchangesingravitationalandrepulsiveForces6、latchtheESAprovethatnatteriselectricallychargedItalywas"lockeddown"fortwoweeks,andsatellitesspottedthesechangesIthasbeennearlytwoweekssinceItalyimposedanationwidelockdownonMondaytopreventthefurtherspreadofthenovelcoronavirus.Fromthedistanceofspace,thebustlingcityofthepast,thedensecrowdislikeadensedot.InrecentsatelliteimagesofIlaly,thesquaresoflandmarkattractionssuchasRome,SColosseumandMilan'sCathedralhavebeencoveredbythese"dots"al1yearround.ButafterMarch10,thedotssuddenlydisappeared.Inaddition,satelliteshavefoundthattheairqualityinIlolyhasimprovedasaresultofthelockdown.Inaddition,satelliteshavefoundthattheairqualityinItalyhasimprovedasaresultofthelockdown.Varioussensorscarriedbythesatellitecancollectelectromagneticwavesignalsofsuspendedparticlesintheair,soastoanalyzeandjudgetheairquality,6、ThespectrometerprovedthattheatomswerechargedSpectrometerisalsoknownasspectrophotometer,differentlightsourceshavetheirownuniqueemissionspectrum,sodifereniluminariescanbeusedasthelightsourceoftheinstrument.Istheuseof1ightabsorptioninacertainwavelengthrange,qualitativeorquantitativeanalysisofsubstances.Theco11unonlyusedwavelengthrangesare:(1)ultravioletregionof200'380r>m,(2)visibleregionof380'780r>m,and(3)infraredregionof2.5'25in.Instrumentsaredividedintoultravioletspectrophotometers,visiblelightSPeCtToPhOtOmeterS(orcolorimeters),infraredSpectrophotomotersoratomicabsorptionspectrophotometers.SpectrophotometerusesHlightsourcethatcanproducemultiplewavelengths,throughaseriesofspectrophotometriedevices,therebyproducingaspecificwavelengthlightsource,1ightthroughthetestsample,partofthelightisabsorbed,calculatetheabsorptionvalueofthesample,whichisconvertedintotheconcentrationofthesample.Theabsorptionvalueofthesampleisproportionaltotheconcentrationofthesample.Whenthemonochromaticlightradiationpassesthroughthemeasuredsubstancesolution,theamountabsorbedbythesubstanceisproportionaltotheconcentrationofIhesubstanceandthethicknessofthe1iqui<llayer(thelengthoftheopticalpath),therelationshipisasfollows:A=-lg(O)=lgT=k1.cWhere:Aisabsorbance;IOistheincidentmonochromatic1ightintensity：I为透射的单色光强度：Tisthetransmittanceofthesubstance：kisIhemolarabsorptioncoefficient;1.istheopticalpathoftheanalyzedsubstance,thatis,thesidelengthothecupola;cistheconcentrationofthesubstance;Thereareinfraredanalyzer,visible1ightanalyzer,ultravioletanalyzer,atomicabsorptionspectrophotometerandsoon.Atomicabsorptionspectropholoneter:ThedevicethatusestheresonantradiatinoftheelementtobemeasuredthroughitsatomicvaportodetermineitsabsorbanceiscalledanatomicabsorptionSpectrophotomcter.Ithassinglebeam,doublebeam,doublechannel,multi-channelandotherstructuralforms.ItisoneoftheconventionalinstrumentsforanalysisoftraceUndtracecomponentsinsamples.Itisapowerfultoolformaterialanalysisandqualitycontroldepartmenttoanalyzemajorandtracemetals(serai-metals).Fluorescencespectrophotometerisaninstrumentusedtoscanthefluorescencespectrumemittedbyfluorescentlabelsintheliquidphase,whichisusedinscientificresearch,chemicalindustry,medicine,biochemistry,environmentalprotection,clinicaltesting,foodIesling,leachingexperimentsandotherfields.Throughthedeterminationoftheseparameters,Wecannotonlydogeneralquantitativeanalysis,butalsoinfertheconformationalchangesofcopied.Onlyonebasepaircopyerroroccurs.Thereisnoneedforone-to-onecorrespondencebetweenthebasesonRN,andaboutevery10,000to1mi1lionbases,therewillbeamistake,soitiseasytohavegeneticmutations*DNAfcRNAtt*H0M.A!,.Insixhours,aviruscanreplicatoitself6t000times,sothevirusisveryeasytomutate.Notallmutatedvirusescansurvive,becausethegeneticmutationisdirectionless,andifthedirectionofthegeneticmutationdoesnothelpthevirusadapttotheenvironment,theviruswillbeeliminated.Onlyafewbasemutationsatkeysitescausethevirustomutate.AccordingIothestudy,amutationoccurredalsite28144oftheRNgenomeofthevirus.The1.subtypeistheTbaseandtheSsubtypeistheCbase.InbothRNAandDNA1thebasesthatmakercplicationerrorsarcrandom,meaningthatmutationsaredirectionless.Theforceofthematerialandparticles(genes)inthemiddleoftheviralcellisbasicallybalanced,andtheforceoftheRNgeneisbasicallynobalanceforce,anditisunstable,becausethegravitationalforceisgreaterthantherepulsiveforce,thematerialincreases,therepulsiveforceisgreaterthanthegravitationalforce,thematerialdecreases,thegravitationalforceandIherepulsiveforceconvertquickly,thenewmaterialisadded,andtheoriginalmaterialischanged.4.2,Healthfactor.：Healthmeansthatapersonisingoodphysical,mentalandsocialcondition.HealthincludesIwoaspects:first,thereisnodiseaseinthemainorgans,thebodyshapeiswelldeveloped,thebodyshapeisuniform,thebodysystemhasgoodphysiologicalfunction,hasstrongphysicalactivityabiIityandlaborability,whichisthemostbasicrequirementforhealth;Second,ithasstrongresistancetodiseaseandcanadapttoenvironmentalchanges,variousphysiologicalstimuliandtheroleofpathogenicfactorsonthebody.Therearemanyfactorsthataffecthumanhealth,thehumanbodyisanorganicbalancebody,thereareonlytwofactorsforindividualpeople:oneismaterial,theotherisspiritual.Ifthehumanbodyhasorganiclesions,thelackofvitaminsandcalciumintheexaminationreport.Forexample,calciumdeficiency,thecontentroniiboul100to1,000years.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,1.osAngeles,aptlynamedthenewmembersG3,G4,G5andG6.WritinginthejournalNature,theteamexplainsthatal1sixwereoncebinaries,pairsofstarsorbitingeachotherthatmergedintooneduetothePoWerfUlgravitationalpullofusupe11nassiveblackhole.Starmergersintheuniverseare1ikelytooccurwithhighprobabilityandmaybequitecommon.Blackholesmaybedrivingbinarystarmergers.Manyofthestarsthathavebeenobservedbutnotunderstoodare1ikelytobetheendproductofthenowsmoothmerger.MagneticfieldsCUndriveoutInaIeriaInearablackhole,creatinga"jel"ofhigh-energyoutflow.Thisprocessdoesnotactonmatteralreadybeyondtheblackhole*seventhorizon(wheregravityissostrongthatnoteven1ightcanescape).ScientistshavereleasednewimagesofablackholethatrevealthechaoscausedbyutterfallingintospaceGlobalDailyanecdoteOriginal2021-3-29AccordingtotheBritishmedia"DailyStar"reportedonMarch27,scientistsreleasedaphotofromtheM87superlargeinterstelIarblackhole,showingthatthereisUrmigneticvortexinthespacearoundtheblackhole,thema11eticvortexundertheactionofvariousforcescausedspacechaos.Scientistsuseradiotelescopesbuiltaroundtheworldtojointlyobservethesametargetandrecordthedataforanalysis.IQCatedabout55millionIighl-yearsfromEarth,M87hasamassiveblackholeatitscenterwithamassabout65biHiontimesthatoftheSun.TheblackholeM87wasfirstspottedandphotographedinApri12019byastronomersinmultiplelocationsaroundtheworld.Researcherssaymagneticfieldscanbeobservedattheedgeoftheblackhole,wherematterisbeingsuckedin.lthesamelime,additionalmaterialisejectedintospace,atleast5,000light-yearsaway,beyondthegalaxywheretheblackholeislocated.1.edbytheUniversityof1.ondon,thestudyoftheM87SUPCrmaSSiVCblackholeanalyzedthepolarized1ightaroundtheblackholeandfoundthatthe1ightwavesonlyvibratedinacertaindirection.Thesenewimagesgiveresearchersstrongevidenceofhowmysteriouscosmicradiowavesaregeneratedandhowmagneticfieldsinspaceinteracttopushhotgasawayfromthecenterofablackhole,helpingitresistthetugofattraction.ChinesescientistshavemadeamajorbreakthroughbyobservingtheionbeamescapingfromablackholeforthefirsttimePosturemoleculeknowledgeOriginal02-19Supposedly,nothingcanescapetheclutchesofablackhole.Buttherealityisthatinthefaceofaterrifyingblackhole,thereisstillapossibilitythatmattercansuccessullyescape.Chinesescientistshaveusedthe"Insight"spacetelescopetoobservetheMAXIJ1820+070Trilobitekey(left),Trilobilefossi1(right).Photograph:M.EilesZPurdueUniversity&WikipediaRydbergatomshaveoneormorecxcitedelectronswithalargeprincipalquantumnumber(n),andbecausetheorbitalradiusoftheelectronsisproportionalton2,theseexcitedelectronsareverydistantfromthenucleus.ThediameterofahydrogennucleusisaboutO.1nanometers,whileanelectronwithaprincipalquantumnumbern=137hasanorbitalradiusofabout1micron,whichis10,OOOtimesthesizeofthenucleus.Becausetheinnerelectronsshieldtheelectricfieldofthenucleus,theouterelectronsfeeltheelectricpotentialasiIheywereahydrogenatomwithasingleelectron.Rydbergatomsreactstronglytotheexternalelectromagneticfield,andthespectrumoftheatomsplitsinanelectricormagneticfield,andtheoriginalIydegeneratequantumstatesplitsintoaseriesoffinerstructures,whichareknownastheZeemaneffect(splittinginumagneticfield)andtheStarkeffect(splittinginanelectricfield).DiagramoftheStarkeffect.Thespectrumofthehydrogenatominth。Rydbergstatesplitsunderunexternalelectricfield,andeachquantumslateWiIhprincipalquantumnumberncontains(11-1)degenerateslates.Theexternalelectricfielddestroysthisdegeneracyandsplitsthespectrumapart.Photocredit:MichaelCourtneyFromdiatomicmoleculestomonatomic*ghost*bonds:TriIobitebondshavebeenobservedinspecialtypesofdiatomicmolecules,suchasRb2andCs2.ThesediatomicmoleculeshaveoneatomintheRydbergstateandtheotherinthegroundstate.BecausetheouterelectronsofRydbcrgatomsoccupyaverydistantorbit,these"triIobitemolecules*areunusualIylarge,about1,000timeslargerthanordinarydiatomicmolecules.TheexcitedelectronstalesWilhlargePrinCiPalquantumnumberncontainalargenumberofdegeneratestates,andthosewithlargeangularmomentum(I)mixwitheachothertomaximizetheelectronprobability,eventualIyformingatrilobitebondnearthegroundstateatom.Eilesandcolleaguesusednumericalanalysistoshowthatevenintheabsenceofgroundstaleatoms,individualRydbergatomscanformsuchbonds,whichtheycall"ghost"bonds.Byapplyingaprecisesequenceofalternatingelectromagneticpulses,theelectronwavefunctionofaRydborghydrogenatomisshapedtomatchtheelectronwavefunctionofthetriIobitemolecule,justasitwouldinthepresenceofground-staleattx11s.Thiscausesanexcitedelectrontobestronglyconfinedtoapointinspace,tensofnanometersawayfromResearchersfromtheUniversitiesofNOtIinghamandUlmhavecapturedtheformationofatomsandthebreakingofchemicalbondsonvideoforthefirsttime.Theteamusedtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)toimageapairofrheniumatomsastheywalked*hand-in-handoncarbonnanolubes.Throughaquadruplebond,twoatomsformamoleculecalledRe2.KechengCao,oneoftheauthorsofthestudy,said:"Thewaythetwoatomsmoveinpairsisveryclear,whichclearlyshowstheconnectionbetweenthem.Importantly,thebondlengthchangedasRe2moveddownthenanotube,suggestingthatthestrengthofthebonddependsontheenvironmentaroundtheatom.”Theresearchersthenwatchedtheatomsseparate,stretchintoanellipticalshapeandbreakthroughconstantstretching.AfterawhiIetheycombinetoformamoleculecalledRe2.*Thisisthefirsttimethattheevolution,breakingandformationofchemicalbondshavebeendocumentedaltheatomicscale,"SHidndreiKhlobystov,oneofthestudy'Sauthors."R'earenowpushingthefrontiersofmolecularimagingbeyondsimplestructuralanalysis,andtowardsunderstandingindividualmoleculardynamicsinrealtime.”BecauseIhechemicalbondsbetweenatomsareonlyO.1toO.3nanometerslong,whichishalfamillionlimessmallerthanthewi(lihofahumanhair,imagingbecomesverydifficult.Sincetherearestillmanyunansweredquestionsattheatomicscale,thisnewtechniquemayhelpprovidesomeanswers.5.3、 Chemicalreaction：Reactionreferstothephenomenonorprocessofchangecausedbytheactionofsubstances.Actionistheinfluence,effectonthings,andinengineeringterms,actionisasetofforcesappliedtoastructureorthecauseofstructuraldeformation.Chemicalreaction(chemicalchange):Theprocessofatomsandelectronstransferbetweenmoleculesincontactwitheachotherandfriction,formingnewmolecules,andaccompaniedbychangesinenergy：Thechemicalreactionisessentiallythebreakingofoldbondsandtheformationofnewbonds.Chemicalchangesintheprocessisoftenaccompaniedbyphysicalchanges,chemicalchanges(chemicalchanges)intheprocessofluminescence,healrelease,butalsoendothermicphenomena.Chemicalchangesbetweenmoleculesaredonethroughcollision,friction,andthebondistheforce,theelectromagneticforce.Contactwilloccuristheroleofthermalmovement,thereismovementthereisfriction,frictionwillincreasethenoise,increasetheheal,increasethechangeofelectromagneticforce,producenewsubstances.FrOmthepointofviewofelectromagneticforce,chemicalreactionsareasfollows:Schematicdiaraaofplantsyntheticchc三icalreactionsunderKravitationalandrepulsiveforces5.3.1、 Blectrociagneticwaveinsteadofcatalyst：Achemicalreactionisarecombinationofmatter,andachemicalbondisachangingelectromagneticforce.Thecatalystisasubstancethatspeedsupthechemicalreaction.Itisixedinthemiddleofthereactorandinteractswiththereactanttospeedupthechemicalreaction.Thereactantisthe11x>biIephaseandthecatalystisthefixedphase.Frictionmakesmorenoise,changesintheelectromagneticforce(eleclrom<inelicfield),generatesmoreheal,andcreatesmorenewmailer,whichisthestuffofhighschooltextbooks.Electromagneticforceisdividedintogravityandrepulsion,repulsionmakesmatterseparate,gravityInakCSmattersynthesis,electromagneticforceistheforcethatreorganizesmailer.Whenthelaboratorydoestheanalysis,toshakeorstiristoincreasethefriction,sothattheelectromagneticforceorelectromagneticfieldchangesincrease,becausethereisthermalmovement,soitisusedtoincreaseandacceleratethetheorythatthermaloperationalsohasfriction.Thecatalystisfixedinthereactor,thereactantthroughthecatalysthasalotoffriction,thisfrictionistheresistance,thenthereactormustgivethereactantenergytoovercometheresistance,thepressureinthereactorisbasicallyabove10kgcm2,whenthepressureishigh,thereactionequipmentrequirementsareveryhigh,theunsafefactorsaresignificantlyincreased,andthepowerconsumptionisalsosignificantlyincreased.Hightemperatureandhighpressureincreasethefrictionofthereactants,andtheproductwillincreaseandtheoutputcanbeimproved.Theelectromagneticwavereplacesthecatalystdeviceistosimulateamicrowaveoven,andthemicrowavetubeisaddedtoIhepipeline.Themicrowaveaggravatesthevibrationofthereactantsinthepipeline,aggravatesthefriction,andtheproductincreases.Thepressurizationsysteminfrontofthereactorcanbecanceled,savingtheelectricitybillandreducingthepressure,andthesafetyperformanceoftheequijxnenlisimproved.Electromagneticwavesinsteadofcatalysts,alsoknownasmicrowavereactors,usingelectromagneticwavesinsteadofcatalystscanimprovethespeedofflossreactionandreduceproductionInagneIiCring,whichdidnotmatchthepredictedsituationcalculatedbythestandardmodel.Thissentshockwavesthroughthephysicscommunity.AlapressconferenceonApril7,ChrisPoli,headofFenniIab'sMuseAnomalousmagneticMomentexperiment,saidthedeviationmustbesomethingwrong,andtherecouldbesomethinghiddenatwork.Whatisit?Itcouldbeanewparticleorafifthforce,ortherecouldbeadeeperstructureinsidetheMuse.TheStandardModelisthemostaccurateexplanationofthemicroscopicworldthathumanscancurrentlyfind,andisthefoundationoftheentirePiirticlephysics,describingthefundamentalparticlesandinteractionsthatbuildtheuniverse.Theworldismadeupof17elementaryparticles,andtheMuseisoneofthem.Itisacousinoftheelectron,has207timesthemassoftheelectron,andisotherwisethesame:ithasaunitcharge(positiveornegative