Unit3-Travel-journal-期末复习.docx

Unit3Traveljournal比起B更喜爱A比起做B更喜爱做Aprefervt.更喜爱.preferAtoBpreferdoingAtodoingBprefertodosth更喜爱做prefertodoAratherthandoB宁JE做A也不做BIPrefersb.todo更喜爱某人做某事1. Sheseemstopreferdogsocats.2. MysisterprefersstayingathomewatchingTVtogoingtothecinematoseeafilm.1.1 prefertoplayoutdoorsrather(hanplaycomputergamesin(heroom.4. Theyprccrcdtheirsontogotocollege.5. Wouldyoupreferthathe(should)gowithyou?Taren.交通工具的费用feen.入场费，会纨，学费chargen.要价Xostn,成本价flowthrough流经eg:'lleMekongRiverflowsthroughChina.everSinCe从以后dreamof=dreamabout.幻想eversinceMiddleschl.WangWciandIhavedreamedabouttakingabiketrip.persuadevt.劝服：使信任trytopersuadesb.todosth.劝告某人做某事(暗含"劝而不服")：persuadesb.intodoingsth.劝服某人傲某事；persuadesb.todosth.劝JR某人做某事；persuadesb.+that从句使某人信任persuadesb.ofsth使某人信任某事1.Thesontriedto>ersuadehisfathertogiveupsmoking.2.HowcanWCpersuadethemintojoiningus?3.1wishyoucouldpersuadeherto(hinkitover.4.Shepersuadedhimthatshewastellingthetruth.5.1persuadedhimofmygclintention.getsbinterestedindongsth使某人对做某事感爱好sbgraduatefrom.某人毕业于.sbgetthechancetodosth某人获得做某事的机会sbbefondofsth某人喜爱某物insistvt.坚持要求，坚持认为/Xlthoughshedidn-tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.(PI8)I点拨insist表示“坚持要求，肯定要“，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用动词原形或-should+动词原形”.如：Iinsistthatyou(should)bepresent.Theyinsistedthatshe(should)beinvited.拓展1假如insiN的意思是“坚持说：硬说”，其后宾语从句用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。如：Sheinsistedthathewaswrong.-keepondoingsth.接着做.keepsbdoingsh使某人始终做某事keepsb(from)doingsth阻挡某人做某事careabout忧虑，关切，在乎carefor喜爱，服看eg:Mysisterdocsnotcareaboutdetails.determineVt.确定下定决心确定determinetodoSIh确定做某事Canyounowdeterminethedateforthemeeting?你们现在可以确定开会的日期吗？ShedeterminedIoIcamEnglishwellthisterm.她卜淀决心这学期好好学习英语。HedeterminedIhalhewouldgoatonce.他确定立刻走。rdeterminedadj.坚决的；皇决的<bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事determinationn.决心；确定Thankstothedeterminedeffortsoftheworkers.WefinishedthetaskaheadOftilne.由于工人们坚决的努力，我们提前完成了任务.Sbchangeone'smind变更办法makeupone'smindtodosth下定决心做某事eg:Shesaidshewouldnotchangehermind.Hehasclearlymadeuphismindtoendtheaffair.givein屈服，让步，倒戈givein放弃giveoff发出，放出（气味、热、光等）giveaway赠送,捐赠、givcout用完，耗尽1. MaryusuallyhastogiveintoherIitdebrother.2. Theherowouldratherdiethangiveintotheenemy.Csurprisedtodosth某人因为做某事而惊讶surprisedat/bysth某人因某事而惊讶asusual像平常那样feellike感觉像，想要Mylegsfeltlikeblockofice.encouragesbtodosth激励某人做beneathprep.=below在.下方Wecanhardlywaittoseethem.我们迫不及待地要看他们1. Itbe被强调部分who/that.Itwasmysisterwho/thatfirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.(P18)ItwhsinNewYorkthatshemetyourbrotheryesterday.soithat.如此以至于Ourlegsweresoheavyandcoldthattheyfeltlikeblocksoficc.(P22)点拨级+24./2爪.+山凯是个固定句型，意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语。如：Itwassocoldthatwcdidnotwanttogoout.Theplaywassointerestingthat1wenttoseeitseveraltimes.such.that.也是固定句型，用法与So“.that.一样，只是SUCh后跟名词，SO后跟形容词或副词。如：Itwassuchacolddaythatwedidnotwanttogoout.ThiswassuchaninterestingplaythatIwenttosecilseverallimes.当“bedoing”不再表示“进行”时1 .现在进行时可表将来，常含有“意图”、“支配”或，'准备”的含义，并Jl与表将来的时间状语连用。在肯定的上下文中，时间状语也可以不用.2 .表示位置移动的动词，如：ComC.go.leave.arrive等常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。拓展此外，begoingtodoslh.结构也可表示将来，表示即将发生的事或不久将要发生的事，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：1amgoingtosellthisoldcar.andbuyanewone.Theyarcgoingtogelmarriednextyear.留意：Therebe句型中的begoingto结构为：Thereis/aregoingtobe(留意be不能改为have),常用来表示将有某事发生。如：I正ThereisgoingtobeafootballmatchnextSaturdayinourschl.误ThereisgoingtohaveafootballmatchnextSaturdayinourschool.I比较begoingtodosth.与beabouttodosth.和WiHdOSth.的区分：1. beabouttodosth.侧重于表达最近的将来，意为“即将就要,'(=beonthepointofdoingdosth.begoingiodosth.力口上jusl),Kbeabouttodos(h.后不接时间状语，begoing2dosth.可以按时间状语。如：I误1amabouttogonextweek.正Iamaboutogo.2. will没有支配，准符”的意思，且在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用begoingco.而多用Wii1.如：Ifanybeastcomesalyou.llstaywithyouandhelpyou.GUIDEDWRITING文体介绍TM,I(electronicmail.常缩略为E-mail,e-mail或e-mail),是一种不用纸张的电子信函，通过网络发送，是种特别便利的沟通方式。格式特点通常，电子邮件也包括一般信件的几个组成部分：信头、正文和结尾。但它是一种非正式的文体，因此称呼前经常不用Dear对同辈挚友，可以直呼其名，如：Mike；但对长辈最好运用头衔和姓，如：Mr.Smith.一般来说，电子邮件通常由开头称呼讲、正文、结尾敬语及着名构成，但有时只有正文而把称呼语、结尾敬语及署名都省略掉.文字特点简洁明白。为了便于阅读，E-mail通常比较简短，假如内容许多，经常以附件的形式发出,语言精练，信尾客套话也很筒洁。常用表达1. Now.letmeintroduceyousomethingabout.2. mgladtohaveaChanCCtobeyourpenfriend.3.1wassopleasedtohearfromyouandamwritingtotellyousomethingabout.4.1learnedfromthenewspaperthatyourcompanywantedtohire.Iwanttogetthi*ijobvcrj'much.5. Ifyouagreewithme.pleasewritealettertomeorphoneme.Iliveat.Mytelephonenumber/Myaddress/MyEmailaddressis.6. Wishyouapleasantjourney.6.1 hopeyoucomeandseeforyourselfoneday.8.1CXPCCtIohearfromyousoon.活学活用假如你是李华，请在EmaiI中向你的挚友TOm(TOnihOtmail)讲解并描述你的一次旅游经验。详细内容如下：时间：上周六上午7点动身。人员：你和你的家人。交通方式：你爸爸开私家车。目的地：广东省阳江市西南方向陪陵岛上的大角湾，距离你们所在的城市M)O公里。准备：准备了些零食、衣服和相机之类的东西。乐事：I.游泳：2.观赏海水、沙滩和日出日落等美景：3.吃海鲜：4.买纪念品。感受：大角湾很美，周末过得很开心。参考范文From1.ihUaxohuToSubjectMytravelexperienceTom.1.aSlweekend,nyfamilyandIwenttoDajiaowanGulfforaholiday.DajiaowanGulfislocatedinthesouthwestofthePcilingIslandinYangjiangcity.GuangdongProvince.Wcpackedourdigitalcamera,somesnacks,clothesandthingslikethat.ThenWestartedat7onSaturdaymorning.Myfatherdroveusthere,forit'sonlyabout100kilometersfromourcity.Themostexcitingthingwasswimminginthesea.Weenjoyedthebigwavesrushingashore.Carryingus（Ihcbeach.OnebigwaveevenIUnlCdmeupsidedown.hebeachesarefantastic,withthewatersparklingblueandthesandshininginthesunshine.Tebeautifulsunriseandsunsettookourbreathaway.What'smore,weatedeliciousseafood.Wcalsochosequiteafewsouvenirsfromthecolorfulgoodsinthestreets.AUinall.DiyiaowanGulfisreallyawonderfulPiaCCandwcrellyenjoyedourweekendthere.Best,1.iHuaUnit4Earthquakesrightaway=atonce=innotime立即ShakeVtJVi摇动,簸抖shakehandswith.与握手shakeone'shead摇头burstv.爆裂、库发burstoutlaughing=burstintolaughter突然大笑burstoutcrying=burstintotears,突然大哭1. Hearingthefunnystoy.thekidsburstoutlaughing.2. Whentoldthathissonwaslostintheforest,theoldladyburstintotears,endn.结尾v.结束Intheend量终、最终ftanend结束、终结，多与be连用IPUtanendtO结束（不好的事）制止卜ndupwith以结束1. Intheend.sheworkedoutthismathsproblem.2. HestayedinthecitywanderinguntilhisInOneywasatanend.3. Wcmustputanendtothisfoolishbehaviour.4. Wcendedthedinnerupwithfruitandcoffee.ruinv.废城、致灭（be）in11ins严峻受损、破败不堪injure、.使受伤尤指在事故中损害、使受伤；也可指损害，损害（名誉、自尊等）1. Hewasslightlyinjuredintheaccident.2. Twopeoplehavebeencriticallyinjuredinaroadaccident.injuredadj.受伤的、有伤的，theinjured指受伤的人；injuryn.损害、受伤之处.如：Theinjuredweretakentohospital.WhenIfelloffmybike,myonlyinjurywasatwistedankle.hurt,wound与injure的区分PUn可表示精神上或肉体上受伤，作不及物动词，意思是“（使）难受、WoUnd主要是指战场上受伤,有伤口1Jnjure一般指因意外或事故而造成损伤.someof,plentyof.alotof.therestof.allof.halfof,partof.分数，百分数+名词时，谓语由名网确定Twothirdsofthestudentsarewaitingoutside.Twothirdsofthewaterispolluted.rescueAfromB把A从B营救出来tensofthousandsof.成千上万的trapv.把困住n.陷阱betrappedin被困在.中betrappedunder被困在.下1. Twentyminersweretrappedundergroundaftertheaccident.2. Sandandleavestrappedthewaterinthestream.3. Thewolfwascaughtinat11p.4. Oursoldierspretendedtorunawayandtheenemyfellintoatrap.5. mandafeltthatmarriagewasatrap.1.congratulationw1)庆贺，庆贺，常用或述形式，并与介词On搭配，构成短语CongratUlatiOnSonsth./doing.congratulationstosb2)Congratulations(onyourwinningtheraces)!恭再(你获得了成功)!Iofferedmycongratulationsonhissuccess.我对他的成功表示了庆贺。3)congratulatev.构成短语congratulatesb.onsth.,dong.congratulateoneselfthatWccongratulatedhimonhavingpassedtheexamination.我们庆贺他通过了考试。Hecongratulateshimselfonhavingchosenagoodwomantobehiswife.fR自庆幸自己选择了一位贤惠的女子作妻子.<judgev.推断m裁判员，法官VjUdgeAfronbyBA推断BJudgingfrom/by依据推断beproudof.因而傲慢expressone'sthanksto.向表达感谢,beknownas作为而出名beknownfor因而出名beknownIo为所熟知W3.beknownas,beknownfor.beknowntosb.HewasknownasaexcellentSinger.他作为名优秀的歌手而著名。Thecityisknownforitslonghistory.这座城市以它的悠久的历史著名.Heisknowntothepoliceasathief.警察都知道他是个小偷。1. Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend.似乎世界末日来临.SeCm连系动词，似乎，似乎1) seem+(tobe)+adjn.2) seem+(odo3) seem+like+n.4) ItSeerns，SeenIed(tosb.)+that-clause如：OurEnglishteacherseemstobeakindman.HcseemstoknowCVCrylhing=Itseemsthatheknowseverything.Itseemslikeyearssincewelastmet.ItseemsthatIhaveseenherbefore.=Iseemtohaveseenherbefore.2. Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.人们无论朝舞里皆，几乎一切都被投了.everywhere用作连词，等丁wherever,nomailerwhere,引起让步状语从句.1:EverywhereIgo.IfindthesameIhing.无论我去哪儿，我都看到一样的东西。Youseeiteverywhereyou100k.无论你往哪儿看，你都会看到它。3. .90%ofitshomeswerem>n,.90%的家都不存在了.g。Ile“走了Z丢了Z用完了”，成指人“死了Mywatchwasgone.我的我不见j“Hisjobwhsgone.他的工作丢了50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.我们班50%的学生是女生。Two-thirdsoftheearthsurfaceiscoveredWilhwaler.地球表面的<分之二是水He'llbegoneforquitealittleWhile.他要离开很长一段时间。4. Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.救援人员组成小分队，将被困的人挖出来，将死者掩埋.IhosCWh。相当于意为凡的人”，我示的是两者以上的不定数衣,Who引导的定语从句用我数，不能用IIKK代侨。(留意：anybodywho.heWh。中谓语动词用单数，)5. Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10.0(M)minerswererescuedfromthecoalmines.在城市的北部，一万矿工中的大多数从矿井中被救出.inthenorth,to(henorthonthenorthin表示“在其中“，在境界内：to表示在境外，不接壤:On表示接壤。如：ChinaliesintheeastofAsia.中国位于亚洲东部。JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中国的东面。(指在中国境夕卜)ChinafacesthePacificonthecast.中国东临太平洋。<指东部境界与太平洋相接)6. (oo.to.太而不能，表示否定意义Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustocal.(P26)WcarcnevertoldtoIcam.7.Itseems/seemedasif.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatancnd!(P26)asif意为“仿佛、似乎'',常用于系动词be.feel.look.seem,sound,smell等后引导表语从句“如：Itseemedasiftheendoftheworldhadcome.Itseemsasifyou'recatchingacold.Taylor.Itsoundstomeasifheneedsprofessionalhelp.8.3l.not.llhopewasnotlost.(P26)并不是全部的希望都破灭了。all.not=notall.(SOmCbutnotall)意为“并非全部的：一些“，表示部分否定。如:Notallthegirlsleft.Notallthechildrenarcnoisy.1 .若要对两者以上全部否定，则用noneof。如：Noneofthegirlshas/haveleft.Noneofthechildrenis/arcnoisy.2 .both,each,every与not连用也表示部分否定.如：Boththeanswersarcnotright.9.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.(P26)I分析I本句结构是：主语(ThenUmberOfPeQPIe)+谓语(reached)+宾语(Inorethan400,000).句中的WhOwerekilledOrinjUred是定语从句，用来修饰主语ThCnumberofpeopleo(Mhcnumbcrof后接可数名词的更数形式，表示”的数FI”，谓语动词用单数形式。10 .Evcrywhcrctheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.(P26)这是一个更合句。其结构是：让步状语从句(EVCryWhCrCIheylOOkCd)+主句nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed)«CVCrywhCrC引导状语从句。又如：EvcrjwhcrcIgo.IfindtheSamCthing.Youseeiteverywhereyoulook.11 .Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.(P26)该句结构是：主语Thearmy)+谓语(organized)+宾语(teams)+目的状语(todigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead)并列连词and连接两个动诃不定式todigoutthosewhoweretrapped和toburythedead.不定式作目的状语。VVhoWCrCIraPPCd是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词those近义词辨析1.shake,trembleshake:move,bemoved,quicklyorviolentlyupanddown,forwardsandbackwards:最一般用词，可指人或物“摇动，颤抖:指人时常用于感情激烈、寒冷、惧怕引起的身体抖动。在表示“因而跟抖”时，多用with,在表示“使受震撼，使(信念等)动摇“，常用于heshakenbyvihai中。tremble:shakeinvoluniarily(withfear,anger,cold,physicalweakness,etc.)孤栗,虐颜.峡抖(因恐惊,生气,寒冷.体弱等)，经常与Shake相互替换，但指握手,摇头或捧腹大笑时用shake,tremble只用作不及物动词1如：TliePoOrbOywasshakingwithCokJ.这个孩子正冻的颤抖。Theywerebadlyshakenbythenews,他们对这个消息大为真惊，ThehostshookhandswithallIhegUeStS.主子跟全部的客人握手。Hervoicewastremblingwithanger.她气的声音颤抖«2.rise,raiserisevi.(ofthesun,moon,stars,river,price,temperature,etc.)appearabovethehorizon:指自然“上升”，常用于日、月、云、浚、烟、水蒸气、物价、温度、河水、潮水及人的职位等：HcrosefromhischairandbeganhisSPCCCh.他从椅子上站起来起先j'他的演说“HerieInPeralUrei$SIiHriSing.他的体阻还在上升。Hehasriseninrank.他已经升职了。raisevt.1.liftup：movefromalow(er)toahigh(er)level：causetorise:外部的力气，”举起、提高"：ThCPCOplc'slivingstandardhasgreatlybeenraised.人民的生活水平已大大的提高了。2.groworproduce(crops)：breed(sheep,etc.):bringupafamily:饲养、种植哺育、抚育：TheyCanraiSeriCehere.他们这儿能种水稻,3.burstinto/burstout:sendoutsuddenly;breakoutinto;suddenlybegintoburstinto+doing:Sheburstintotears.-SheburstoutCrying.她突然哭起来了。burstout+.:Allofthemburstintolaughter=AllofthemburstOUIIaUghing.他们全都大笑起来了。4. destroy,ruin,damagedestroy:breaktopieces;makeuseless:pulanendto:摧毁：毁坏：破坏。表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁，使之无法更原，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏：Allhishopesweredesiroyed.他全部的希望都毁灭Anatombombwoulddestroyacity.一颗原子弹可以摧毁一座城市。ruin:sth.whichhasdecayed,beendestroyed,etc.:败坏.毁坏,崩溃的状态。指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打击结果，常指对美妙的或希望中的事物的破坏：Smokingruinedhishealth.吸烟毁了他的健康。SheruinedhisPrPeClji.她毁(他的前途。damage:ha11norinjurj'thatcauseslossofvalue:损害;损毁(使失去价值)。一般指对物体或生命的局部损坏：TheirhOUSeSweredamagedbytheenemy'sshellfire.他们的房屋被敌人的炮火击毁了.5. hurt,wound,injurehurt:causebodilyinjuryorpainto:damage:pain(aperson,hisfeeling):使受伤：使难受：损害：使难过.一般用语，即可指肉体上的损害，也可指精神上的损害,还可用作不及物动词,意为“难受、惹起苦痛”:WhatheSaidhUltmedeeply.他说的话使我特别难过。wound:hurtorinjurytothelivingtissueofthebody,causedbycutting,ShOoling,tearing,ctc.esp.astheresultofattack:指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、到伤，尤指在斗争中，战斗中受伤:Hegotwoundedinthefighting.他在战斗中受了伤。injure:hurt:damage,csp.forresultofanaccident;一般指由于意外或事故而受伤。如：Hewasbadlyinjuredintheaccident.他在这次事故中受了重伤。Smokingwillinjureyourhealth.吸烟会毁了你的健康。6. shock,astonish,surpriseshockvz./n:tocauseusuallyunpleasantorangrysurpriseto(sb.):震惊，打击，惊讶程度最大，后面常跟介词al/by构成词组beShockcdaVby,表示“对惊讶”,或接不定式表示缘由，也可作名词，意为“振动，打击'':HeWaSShOCkedbyWhatyousaid.他对你说的话感到感到。lieWaSshockedtoknowhissonplayingallday.他知道他的儿子成天玩大为震惊.ThCnewsgavemeagreatShOCk.这个消息给了我很大的打击。astonishvt./n:surprisegreatly.语气比SurPriSC要强，含有令人难以巴信：IWaSastonishedtosechiminTibet.在西城见到他,真感到惊异。Thenewsastonishedeveryone.这个消息使每个人都很窟惊.surprisevt./n:(feelingcausedby)sth.suddenorunexpected:最一般用词,意为“使惊异，使惊讶"，含有''意想不到”之意。如：1wassurprisedtoseethegreatchangesinmyhomciown.看到家乡的巨大变更他惊异不己.Hisfailuredidn'tcausemuchsurprise(wasnotagreatSUrPrisC.)他的失败未引起很大的惊异(并非很意外的事7.especially,speciallyespecially:toanexceptionaldegree;inparticular特殊地，尤其，常用于正式文体中：ThiSisaveycommonword,especiallyinspokenEngliSh.这是个很一般的词，尤其在英语口语中。Shelikesthecountry,especiallyinspring.她喜爱这个国家，尤其是春天。specially:foraparticularpur×)se:特殊地，特地地，表示''为了特殊的目的“：Thiscakewasspeciallymadeforyou.这个蛋糕是特地为你做的GUIDEDWRITING简洁生动中心突出如何写新闻报道文体分析新闻，留意客观描绘新事务，避开明显的主观看法。种类介绍依据事务的性质，新闻可分为“硬新闻”(hardnews)和“软新闻”(SOnneWs),硬新闻是指题材比较肃穆、具有肯定时效性的客观更实报道。软新闻是指写法轻松活泼、人情味较浓的社会新闻.方法指导提高新闻写作实力最有效的途径之就是广泛阅读新闻报道，对好的报道进行深化分析，仿照他们的措辞和写作风格.下面简要介绍“硬新闻'的写作步骤和留意事项：第步：资料翔实。经常问自己以下几个问题，并尽量收集详尽的相关信息：who.what.why.when,whereandhow”其次步：格式经典。通常采纳经典的“倒金字塔”格式，由三个部分构成，即标题(title).导语(lead-in)和正文(body).第三步：标题醒目。好的标题能使读者在最短的时间内了解新闻的主要内容，引起阅读爱好。写新问标题的原则是尽量用有限的语句将新闻的主要内容表达清晰。还要留意以下两点：1 .精确选取动词及正确的时态、语态，使标题变得活跃，能生动地描述新闻事实。如：BcijingOlympicFlamearrivesinMacao2 .运用缩写词使标题简洁。如：NewgroupsboostHi-techresearch.(HiTeeh=hightechnology)第四步：导语要强而有力。新闻导语常用一句话描述主要的事实，导语既要简短(股不超过25个单.诃)，乂不能缺少重大事实及生动的细微环节。通常只是一个单句，强调运用具有剧烈色调的、言于动感的词汇，以引起读者的阅读爱好。如：MACAOWiihflagswavingandlionsdancing.Macaowelcomedtheflameofthe2(X)8BeijingOlympicGarnCSthatarrivedhereonFridaynight.第五步：正文简洁生动。正文的报道既要简洁，又要生动。应留意以卜几点：1 .避开运用被动语态，多用富含行为动词的陈述句.行文要简洁生动，省去一切不必要的词汇。2 .抓住妙显著的细微环节进行深化描写。3.语法正确。新闻报道作为一种媒体写作应特殊讲究语法的精确性，以免对公众产生不好的影响。要确保句子的完整性，主调要一样，形容词、副词、虚拟语气以及从句等的运用耍恰当。小试身手假如你是英语周报的记者.请依据以下内容，给英语周报写篇新闻报道。消息来源：安徽省政府新闻发言人。