毕业论文.doc

本 科 生 毕 业 论 文论文题目：On Stimulating Junior Middle School Students' Interest in Learning English 作 者： 专业班级： 指导教师： 学 号： AbstractIn the process of learning, interest is the best teacher. Many junior middle school students are tired of learning English and are unwilling to learning English. The main reason is that they are not interested in English, which leads to their losing the enthusiasm and initiative of learning English. It is quite certain that junior middle school students' initiative is difficult to spur without interest. Therefore, ELT (English Language Teaching) in junior middle school puts stimulating Junior Middle School students "interest in learning English" in the first place. All teachers should attach the great importance to junior middle school students' interest in English learning in the whole process of English learning and teaching，in order to make the students feel the pleasures when starting to learn English and then be very interested in it. In this paper, the author presents the theme of this study and gives a brief introduction to the importance of English learning and interest stimulating in teaching process in the first chapter; Chapter two is a general overview of interest and English learning, including the definition of interest and classification of English learning interest; Chapter three analyzes students and teachers' roles in English learning and teaching; Chapter four discusses about four teaching strategies for stimulating interest. At last, Chapter five summarizes the study with a conclusion that it is very important to stimulating students' learning interest in junior middle school students' English study. As a consequence, the teachers need to make use of different strategies to stimulating students learning interest.Key words: interest; English learning; junior middle school students; English languageteaching; teaching strategies 摘要在学习过程中，兴趣是最好的老师。许多中学生对英语学习有厌倦感，不愿意学英语，关键是他们对英语没有兴趣，导致他们丢失了学习英语的积极性和主动性。在英语学习过程中如果缺乏学习兴趣,中学生学习的主动性就很难发挥出来。因此，中学英语教学把“激发中学生英语学习的兴趣”放在英语教学的首位。为了让中学生在刚接触英语学习时感到愉快并能对它产生很大的兴趣，在整个英语学习和教学过程中，所有老师应该将重点放在中学生英语学习的兴趣上。针对目前许多中学生英语学习兴趣普遍不高的现状，本文就学生在英语学习中,应从抓好学生学习英语的兴趣入手,通过深入分析，层层递进,提出了一些有用的措施来激发学生学习英语的积极性,更进一步提高学生学习英语的兴趣。第一部分作为引言并简单介绍文章内容；第二部分笔者从兴趣的定义、英语学习兴趣的分类；第三部分笔者讲述兴趣和英语学习之间的联系；第四部分笔者阐述激发英语学习兴趣的若干教学方法；第五部分笔者得出结论：学习兴趣问题是一个复杂的问题。要使学生对枯燥、抽象的英语变得感兴趣，就得使英语教学手段多元化。以此激发学生英语学习的强烈愿望和自主性，使学生要学英语，爱学英语，从而学好英语。关键词：兴趣；英语学习；中学生；英语教学；教学策略 ContentsIntroduction1I. Interest11.1 Definition of interest11.2 Classification of English learning interest21.2.1 Integrative motivation and instrumental motivation21.2.2 Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation3II. Interest and English Learning42.1 The importance of English learning42.2 Interest in English learning52.3 The importance of stimulating English learning interest62.3.1 Effection to learners62.3.2 Effection to teachers6III. Students and Teachers Roles in English Learning and Teaching73.1 Students' main role73.2 Teacher's guiding role9IV. Teaching Strategies for Stimulating Interest94.1 Giving every class a good beginning104.2 Using objects, scenarios and pictures to trigger students interests104.2.1 Using objects to trigger students' interests104.2.3 Making use of pictures to induce interests124.3 Encouraging students in time124.4 Using flexible and diversified teaching methods13Conclusion14Bibliography15iv毕业论文IntroductionAs is known to all, English is one of the most widely used languages in the world, and people are aware of the importance and necessity in English learning. However, interest is the internal power to spur students' learning and can decide the success of the whole English teaching and learning as well. With the rapid development and reform of the education in our country, people begin to know that the educational quality of schools depends on the quality of teachers. Harmer (2005) defines "the teacher's role as a controller, assessor, organizer, prompter, participant and resource-provider" in Unit5 "Classroom Management" in A Course in English Language Teaching. Besides, according to FuDaochun's opinion (2005), the teacher's role is not static. "Teachers are considered as facilitators, guides, and researchers and so on." In the teaching and learning process, teachers should renew the teaching concept and change their teaching methods, and use the scientific, creative and constructive teaching methods to build and maintain the students' interest. Einstein (1979) said that interest is the best teacher in Collected Works of Einstein,III. Bill Gates, CEO of American Microsoft, was a computer fan when he was in high school. Just because of his crazy love to computers, he became a giant in the field of computers. It is his interest that founded his empire of Microsoft. There are lots of available factors that could develop an interest in English can be found in all the aspects, such as teaching contents, methods and procedures of the textbooks for junior high school students, so long as the teachers try to look for them intentionally and put them into class one by one, the English teaching of the most high schools will be more efficient. There are five chapters in this thesis. It talks about what the interest is and the methods to cultivate the students' interests. Writing this thesis is that in order to cultivate the students' interest and improve the quality of teaching. Teachers should research more and more methods to let the students learn English well. And in order to arouse the student's enthusiasm and initiative, and improve the quality of teaching and the efficiency.I. Interest1.1 Definition of interestGenerally speaking, interest is considered as a kind of inner drive, impulse or desire which can prompt human to take certain actions. Gardner said:"Motivation is considered by many to be one of the main determining factors in success in developing a second or foreign language."(1985) And Ellis said:"Motivation means effort which learners put into learning a second language as a result of their need or desire to learn it."(1994) Some researchers thought that interest is dynamic, for instance Pintrich & Schunk said:"Motivation is the process whereby goal-directed activity is instigated and sustained."(1996) Oxford said that in the process of learning language, interest decides the studying go-ahead of learners. It also affects the learners in a great degree whether they could get full use of the chances to practise or use the target language or not, and it can improve the confidence of overcoming difficulties. Whether the leaners could use studying strategies effectively or not, how many language information the learners could get, their studying willpower is strong or weak, their studying objects are high or low, if their studying interests can be lasted for a long time or not, all those above depend on their interests. The stronger their interests are, the better their achievements can be. Regarded as one of the most important variables in so many individual factors of language learning, the researches on interest are getting more and more attention by a great number of foreign language researchers. Of course, interest belongs to non-intellectual factor, compared with intellectual factors, such as comprehensive ability, interest has non-stability and complicacy.1.2 Classification of English learning interest1.2.1 Integrative motivation and instrumental motivation About at the end of fifties in the twenty century, Gardner and Lambert began to do researches on the second language motivation. They emphasized on the sociality of learning language, and they put motivation into two kinds: integrative motivation and instrumental motivation. They started this point from the angle of socialinguistics. At first they used the word "orientation" not "motivation", because they emphasized on cause and target. The former motivation means that learners are really interested in learning target language, they are eager to take part in the community who speaks "the target language", they also want to be a member of the community, while the latter motivation means that learners study target language in order to use it as an instrument, such as if they learn the target language very well, they can find a good job, or they can pass certain examination, or they can use it to read newspapers and so on. Most researchers think if taking integration as the target, the initiative and enthusiasm of foreign language learning would be advanced, and the abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing are all-sided trained; on the contrary, if taking instrument as the target, foreign language learning would be in passive situation, depending different goals, learners may pay more attention to listening, or to speaking, or to reading, or to writing, and these abilities could not improved all-sided. The drive is temporary. Once goal is achieved, learners could not last their studying enthusiasm. They also have this idea: integrative motivation can accelerate language studying for learners, because it is existed in learners' personalities, and can give a long-time effection to individual endeavor, it doesn't depend on stress from outside environment. However, integrative motivation and instrumental motivation are not opposite, to some learners, the two motivations may react at the same time. For example, learners not only express great interests on target language, but also they must use it to achieve some certain purposes, without doubt, they will get great success.Interest is related with the background of foreign language learning. In our country, English is studied as a kind of foreign language. We can say that the majorities of foreign language learners only have instrumental motivation, because they are influenced by foreign language teaching environment, the discrepancies between our native language and western language, and learning methods and so on. For example, with regard to junior middle school students, most of them study English or other foreign languages in order to pass the national college entrance examination, if they couldn't get high marks in this examination, they may not pass it prosperously. If learners can be conducted in correct ways, their levels in learning foreign language can be improved rapidly.1.2.2 Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivationCognitive psychology are followed with great interests in the researches of language acquirement. Consequently, self-determination theory in psychology is introduced to the field of researching foreign language motivation. Deci and Ryan also put motivation into two kinds: intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. They point that: intrinsic motivation is originated from the deep interests of language learners, they study language because they are voluntary absolutely. People with intrinsic motivation all enjoy pursuing suitable challenge. The intrinsic motivation have so great power that learners can be satisfied with their curiosities, they are attracted to set up confidence, overcome difficulties, develop self-abilities and form strong self-study characters in their process of learning. With regard to a person who is a tyro of learning English, he is very excited after he has learned a word, when he picks up a book, he would say:"this is a book", when he runs into a friend by chance, he would say "this is my friend", even when he comes back home, he also wants to say "father and mother", this is the reflection of an inner drive, intrinsic motivation can urge people to learn foreign language self-consciously, and keep exciting mood. It is a good motivation. While extrinsic motivation is originated from the influence of outside environment, the learners do everything in order to gain praise from others, such as getting high marks in examination, or to avoid punishment. People's desires to get praise in foreign language learning are expressed prominently. For example, if some one studies English well, he can pass CET4 or CET6, then he can find a good high-salary job. Under this stimulation, of course, learners drive to study English is big. After getting the certification of CET4 or CET6, this drive may disappear. At the same moment, the interest make learners do a large number of simulations, improve their techniques to take part in examinations. So this kind of motivation is not useful to improve learners' foreign language levels but for single technique. In other words, we can say that they cannot but to do it.II. Interest and English learning 2.1 The importance of English learningAs we know, English is a language different from our native tongue. However, people learn languages in different ways for different reasons, and have different understandings about the language learning. For Chinese students, they have not enough exposure to good circumstances of English learning and will face various problems in learning English. English is a very useful foreign language and is a widely-spoken language in the world. Now people are aware of its importance and the necessity of learning it. However, for students, there is still a long way to go to keep them interested in English learning. Language is a tool for people to communicate with each other or change their ideas and information. In the whole process, students are the main body in the course of English teaching and learning. So the teacher should guide his students to appreciate and discover the beauty of English language, practice the language skills, express their ideas freely, and exchange information. The most important point is to communicate with others and understand cultures and customs of foreign countries. On the other hand, as students, they should pay more attention to cultivating their interest in English learning, have correct attitudes, set clear goals and have right ways of learning English. English has its own features, and the teacher should make full use of the features to attract the students' attention and interest. Students should try their best to have themselves built their interest. Teachers and students should raise their consciousness of English learning. In many foreign countries, English is used as a basic and important language to learn, and people in many parts of the world learn it very hard, and use the language for communication with other persons for different purposes. Students should realize that English learning can improve their abilities to express themselves, and expand their knowledge greatly. Using English as a useful tool, they can enter into the wide society and communicate with other people in the word. After they know the importance of