热点11三大主题意境之人与社会（阅读理解之首字母填空）（原题版）.docx

热点U人与社会阅读理解之首字母填空题命题趋势首字母填空既考查学生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，也考查了学生对文章的阅读理解能力。其中，着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识的能力，根据文章内容进行合理的逻辑推断和分析概括的能力。一般来讲，在考试中，七个首字母，会涉及到不同词性。以名词、动词、形容词和副词为主，虚词为辅。英语阅读主题意境中涉及到A社会的主要话题包括但不限于：社会关系与互动：作品可能探讨人们在社会中的相互关系和互动，如家庭关系、友谊、爱情关系、职场关系等。社会制度与结构，作品可能反映社会中存在的制度、规则，探讨人们在这些结构下的处境和挣扎。社会问题与社会变迁：作品可能揭示社会中存在的各种问题和矛盾，如贫富差距、种族歧视、性别平等等,以及社会的变革和发展。个体与集体：作品可能探讨个体在社会中的定位和角色，以及个体与集体利益之间的冲突和统一。社会道德与价值观：作品可能反映社会的道德标准和价值观念，探讨人们在社会中如何面对道德困境和价值选择。【应试技巧】解题技巧：1.要对文章内容有总体把握通读首字母填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，r解全篇的主要内容。2 .要重视文中的主题句首字母填空选用的短文般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”。我们甚至能以主题句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。3 .要利用语境进行联想利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。解题步骤：第一步判断词性根据语法来确定空格中应该选填什么词性的单词。这样做的个好处就是可以缩小选词的范围。例题：Peoplewhorelyonlyontheirtalentanddonotworkhardr52succeed.（嘉定2023模）改题的空格出现在动词SUCCeed前，提示我们要填副词（因为要用副词修饰动词或形容词）。对考纲词汇特别熟悉的同学马上就可以想到最常见的两个r开头的副词really和rarely。这样我们就下子缩小了思考范围，只要把这两个词放到上下文中判断下哪个比较合适就可以了。第二步联系上下文根据上下文来进一步筛选合的词。上面这个句子的上下文意思是“人们如果仅仅依靠才能，而不努力工作的话，那么就很难取得成功根据上下文的意思来判断，空格处填写rarely最合适。第三步确定拼写和形式要注意的是，如果空格处填写的是动词或名词的话，千万不要遗漏这第三步。如空格确定要填写动词，那么就要想想是否需要第三人称单数+s,是否需要用过去式或过去分词形式；空格如填写名词，就要考虑名词是可数还是不可数，是单数还是复数。如果这些问题没有注意到的话，即使选对了词，也会失分。重难通关练一、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Manyyearsago,whenIwasfreshoutofschoolandworkinginDenver,Iwasdrivingtomyparents,homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstation（加油站）about50milesfromOklahomaCity,w1Iwasplanningtostoptovisitafriend.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister（"攵款台），Isaidhellotoanoldercouplew2werealsopayingforgas.Itookoff,buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.IstoppedandwonderedW3Ishoulddo.Acarpulledupbehindme.ItwasthecoupleIhadspokentoatthegasstation.Theysaidtheywouldtakemetomyfriend's.Wechattedonthewaytothecity,andwhenIgotoutofthecar,thehusbandgavemehisbusinesscard.Iwrotehimandhiswifeathank-younoteforhelpingme.Soonafterward,Ir4aChristmaspresentfromthem.Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadm5theirholidaymeaningful.Yearslater,Idrovetoameetinginanearbytowninthemorning.InlateafternoonIreturnedtomycarandfoundthatdleftthelightsonallday,andthebattery（电池）wasdead.ThenIn6thattheFriendlyForddealership-ashopsellingcarswasrightnextdoor.Iwalkedoverandfoundtwosalesmenintheshowroom.“JusthowfriendlyisFriendlyFord?”Iaskedandexplainedmytrouble.Theyquicklydroveapickuptrucktomycarandstartedit.Theywoulda7nopayment,sowhenIgothome,Iwrotethemanotetosaythanks.Ireceivedaletterbackfromoneofthesalesmen.Noonehadevertakenthetimetowritetohimandsaythankyou,anditmeantalot,hesaid.ttThankyou”twopowerfulwords.They,reeasytosayandmeansomuch.二、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Mostofusspendourlivessurroundedbyscreens,withwhichwemanageourwork,ourrecreationandourrelationships.Thesedevicesofferusconvenienceaswellasconnectionandalotofinformation.H8it,salsoeasytofeelpressuredtokeepupwitheverymessage.Moreandmorepeoplewanttotakeabreakfromtechnology.Thephrase"digitaldctox,'describesstayingawayfromTV,phones,computersandotherformsoftechnologythatc9ourlivesforaperiodoftime.Thesebreakscanoccurinavarietyofways.Someexpertssuggestcompletelyavoidingu10screentimefor30days.Otherssuggestusinganappthatwilllimittheamountoftimeonecanspendoncertainwebsites.Athirdoptionisloggingoutineveningsand/oronw11Otherssimplyturntheirphonesoff.Someevenpayhighpricestotakevacationsinplaceswheretheycantaketimeoutfromtechnology.Whydoyouwanttotakeadigitaldetox?Perhapsyoufindthatyouarespendinglongerthanyouplanoncertainappsorthattheydistractyoufrommoreimportantthings.Perhapssocialmediaisdepressingbecauseyoucompareyourselftoothersoryouf12missingoutonthingsthatotherpeopleareenjoying.Technologycanalsohavep13effects.Manypeopleexperiencebackorneckpainandthebluelightcomingfrommostscreenscanalsoaffectpeople'ssleep.Ononeresearchtrip,agroupofpeopleagreedtospendfourdaysw14theirsmartphones.Bythetimethephone-freeperiodended,manypeopleinthegrouphadmadeimportantdecisionsabouttheirworkorrelationships.Othershaddecidedtoliveahealthierlifestyle.Onlywhentheytookabreakfromtechnologycouldtheythinkaboutreallyimportantthings.Givingupallscreensmaynotberealistic,butstrategicbreaksfromtechnologymybegoodforyourbody,mind,emotionsandrelationships.三、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWOrdS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）OneofthefirstsciencefictionbookspublishedwasJulesVerne'sJoumeytotheCentreoftheEarth,writtenin1864.Thispopularbookmarkedtheb15ofourstronginterestinsciencefiction.Sincethen,therehavebeenbooks,magazines,computergames,radioandTVshowsandfilms.Asciencefictionstorydoesn'tjustfocusonthefuture;itfocusesontheuseofscienceinourfuture.Sometimesthingsthatarewritteninsciencefictionstoriesa16becometrue.StarTrekfirstappearedontelevisionin1966.Thecrewofthespaceshipspoketoeachotheronsmallmobiledevices.Arobotstarredinthe1927film,Metropolis.Inthe1982film,BladeRunner,videocommunicationwasS17asanexcitingthingofthefuture.Thisisoneofthereasonswhysciencefictionissopopular.Itletsusthinkabouthowourworldmightbeinthefuture.ItgivesusideasabouthowwemightmakethingsontheEarthbetterthantheyaren18Itgivesuspossiblesolutionstoproblems.A19reasonisthatitbeginstoanswersomeofthebiggestquestionsinlife,questionslikeArewealoneintheuniverse?Whatcouldwedobetter?Sciencefictiongivesusthechancetothinkaboutthesequestionsandc20possibleanswers.Peoplealsoliketogetawayfromtheirdailylivesthroughsciencefiction.Itisd21toimagineabetterwayofdoingthisthanreadingafantasticstoryaboutaplaceyouhaveneverbeentoandcreaturesyoucannotimagine.Itdoesthisbymakingusfeelthatanythingispossible.PerhapssciencefictioncouldalsomakeUSfeelluckytolivehereontheEarth.Perhapsitcouldevenmakeustakebettercareofourplanet.四、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）TheCostofTravelingtoAntarctica“WhydoyouwanttotraveltoAntarctica?Isn'titverycoldandveryfaraway?”IwasaskedthesesamequestionsoverandoveragainwhenItoldmyfriendsaboutmyplantotraveltothesouthernmostcontinent.Tobehonest,I,122manyothertravelers,justwantedtocrossthispure-whitewonderlandoffmybucketIisi（人生愿望清单）.Thetrip,however,turnedouttobeagreatlessonabouttheAntarcticenvironment.Onmywayback,Icouldn'thelpaskingmyself,“HowhaveIaffectedtheAntarcticenvironment?ShouldIhaveeventraveledtothecontinent?''Anytypeoftravelcomeswithanenvironmentalcost.Myguidetoldmethatofallmeansoftransport,shipshadsomeofthelargestcarbonfootprints.Thatmeanstheyproducelotsofgreenhousegases.Inaddition,thenoiseofshipsT23throughtheoceancancauseseriousharmtosealife.Whenwetravelfromoneplacetoanother,wespreadseedsa24bacteria（细菌）throughourclothing,bodiesandluggage.ForAntarctica,thesenon-nativeseedsandbacteriacanbeverydamaging.Tburoperatorstrytopreventthisproblembyprovidingtravelerswithspecialboots.Travelersmustwearthemwhenevertheyleavetheirships.Theirouterwearmustalsobecleanedb25itcanbewornforlanding.However,whentheygethotwhilehiking,travelersmaytakeofftheirouterwearandtheclothestheywearunderneatharenotusuallyrequiredtobecleaned.TheincreaseintourisminAntarcticamayalsobringaboutsomeunknownrisks.Forexample,sincethereisnonativehumanpopulationinAntarctica,the126animalsarenotusedtosharingtheirhomeswithus.Wemaynotbeableton27anyproblemsnow,butwhenwebegintoseechanges,itmayalreadybetoolate.Itwastrulywonderfultoseetheb28ofAntarcticawithmyowneyes.However,mytripdidharmtheAntarcticenvironmentandwildlife.Beforeyoudecidetolandonthecontinent,pleasethinktwiceaboutthetrue"cost"ofyourtrip.五、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）“Aupair,originallyaFrenchterm,referstoaforeignerwholiveswithafamily,sohe/shecanIeamthefamily'slanguageandculture,whileatthesametimehe/shetakescareofthefanily,schildrenand/orcleansthehouseinreturnforfood,accommodations（住宿）andasmallS29.Inthepastfewyears,manyyoungChinesehavebecomeaupairsinothercountries,andmanyyoungforeignershavemovedtoChinatoworkasaupairs.R30themagazine,WomenofChina,hasinte,iewedthreeyoungChinese,andthreeforeignersinChina,eachofwhomsharedhis/herownexperiencesasanaupair.ThefollowingisfromanaupaircalledNataliaMartinezPerezfromRepublicofColombia.1am19yearsold,andIcomefromCali,acityintheRepublicofColombia.Ihavegoodrelationswithmybrotherandcousins.Ilovechildren,andIconsidermyselftobeahappyperson,whoisabletomakeothershappyaswell.Mydreamistotravelaroundthew31andtolearnaboutdifferentculturesandlanguages.IsawthebeautifulsceneryofChinaandIlearnedaboutChineseculturefromm32anddramas（戏剧）thatIwatched.IpracticedspeakingChinesewheneverIhadfreetime.IhavealwaysbeeninterestedintravellingtoChinasinceIfellinlovewithChinaanditsculture.IrespecttheChineseculture,andIwanttoknowmoreaboutit.IwasanaupairinsomeothercountriesbeforeImovedtoChinainOctober2015.WhenIheardaboutthechancetogotoChina,Iimmediatelyapplied.Now,IlivewithmyhostfamilyinShanghai.Thefamilyhasadaughter.Ihaved33agdrelationshipwiththegirl,herparentsandtheirrelatives.Thegirlsaysshereallylikesme.Sheasksmetotellherastorybeforeshegoestosleepeachnight.IteachthegirlEnglishaftershefinishesherhomework.Iteachherinvariousways,andshehasshowedagreatinterestinlearningEnglish.IcookColombianfoodforthegirlsometimes,andwealsoliketogoshoppingtogether.BecominganaupairhasP34agoodchanceformetoexperiencedifferentculturesindifferentcountries.IthinkIamhavingana35experienceinChina.培优争分练一、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Storingdala（数据）hasbecomemoreconvenient.Thirtyyearsago,peoplehadtodependonfloppydisks（软磁盘）.N36,allwehavetodoishitthe"Save"buttononourscreens.Thefileswillthenbestoredinthe“cloud."Itseemsthatwewillneverrunoutofspace.Isn,tthatgreat?Infact,however,thestoragespacewenowhaveisnotc37enough.Everyday,4.5billioninternetuserscreateaLARGEamountofdata.By2025,theamountofdataworldwidewillhaver38175zettabytes（1ZB=IO12GB）.Clearly,Wecan'tcovereverypieceoflandontheplanetwithdatacenters.Sowherecanwestoreallofthisdata?Fortunately,someresearchershavebeenworkingonnewstoragetechnologies.OneofthesetechnologiesisDNAstorage.DNAstoragesoundsfuturist,butinsomeways,it,sjusttheopposite.B39computerswereinvented,naturehadbeenusingDNAtostoreinfonation.In2012,researchersatHarvardUniversitywroteabook,11picturesandacomputerprogramintohumanDNA.EachgramofDNAcanhold2.2petabytes（PB.ofinformation（1ZB=1,048,576PB.IfDNAiskeptintherightcondition,itcankeepthestoredinformations40foramillionyears.Therearestillp41withusingDNAfordatastorage.Forexample,ittakeslotsoftimetowriteintoandreadfromDNA.Scientistsaretryingtoi42thistechnology.Wewillhavetowaittoseehowtheireffortspayoffinthefuture.二、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWOrdS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）t4Moi,SOfia!”"Terve,Aleksi!”That,s“hello"inFinland（芬兰）.Andthat,showstudentsandstaffg43eachotheratthisFinnishschool.Studentscalltheirteachersbytheirfirstnames.AnnaHanssonhasgonetothisschoolsincefirstgrade,sosheknowseverybody.Annashouts"Moi"toherschoolmatesasshearrivesat7:45inthemorning.Atherschool,Annaandherclassmatesd44alongwiththeirteacher,whattheirweeklyaims,tasks,andactivitieswillbe.Studentsworkattheirownpace.Theydon,talwaysstudytogether.Somemaybeintheirhomeclassroom.Othersmightbeinaworkshop,wherethey,releaningbyactuallyd45Today,Anna,sgroupisworkingonamagazineintheworkshop.Annaandherclassmatesdon'tIeambymemorizingfacts.Instead,theyworktogethertogatherinformation.Theyasktheirteacherforhelpwhenevertheyneedto.Theteacherdoesn,thavetotellstudentstobehave.Theclassisactiveandbusy,buttheteacherisinfullC46.Everythingisinorderandeveryoneisbehavingproperly.Parentsarewelcomeattheschoolandvolunteerinworkshopsandeveningclasses.After90minutes,studentshaveabreakfor30minutes.Soon,it'slunchtime!InAnna'sschool,studentsgetfreehotm47everyday.Today'slunchiseverybody'sfavouritemeatballsandmashedpotatoes.Itisservedwithsalad,breadandmilkonthetableswithflowersinvases.Chores（H常琐事）havealwaysbeenpartoftheschoollife.Allstudentsdochores,whichi48takingcareofplants,collectingtrash,recycling,andcomposting.Studentshelpinthelibraryandinthekitchen.Schoolisoverbetween12atnoonand2intheaftemoon.Mostparentswork,socityofficialshavebuiltoutdoorplaygroundsandtwobuildingsforyoungerstudentstodohomeworkorplayindrgameswhilewaitingtobepickedup.Foro49students,thereareclubsandhobbygroups.Theycanstudylanguages,learntoplayinstruments,anddoartsandcrafts.三、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWOrdS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Someyearsagoindustrieshadmoref50thantheyhavenow,andtheydidnotneedtobeascarefulastheymusttoday.Theydidnotneedtoworryalotaboutthesafetyofthenewproductsthattheydeveloped.Theydidnothavetopaymuchattentiontothehealthandsafetyofthepeoplewhoworkedforthem.Oftennewproductsweredangerousforthepeoplewhousedthem;oftenconditionsintheworkplacehadverybadeffectsonthehealthoftheworkers.Ofcoursesometimestherewerereald51whichattractedtheattentionofgovernmentsandwhichshowedtheneedforchanges.Alsoscientistswhoweredoingresearchintothehealthofworkerssometimesproducedinformationthatgovemmentscouldnotignore.Atsuchtimes,therewereinquiriesintotheC52ofthedisastersortheproblems.Newsafetyruleswereofteni53asaresultoftheseinquiries;however,thenewrulescametooIatetoprotectthepeoplewhodiedorwhobecameseriouslyill.Todaymanygovernmentshavespecialdepartmentsthatprotectcustomersandworkers.IntheU.S.,forexample,thereisadepartmentthattestsnewairplanesandgivesW54aboutpossibleproblems.Italsomakestherulesthataircraftproducersmustfollow.Anotherdepartmentcontrolsthefoodsanddrugsthatcompaniessell.At55departmentlooksattheplaceswherepeoplework,andthenreportsanycompaniesthatarebreakingthelawswhichprotectthehealthandsafetyofworkers.Ofcourse,newgovernmentdepartmentsandnewlawscannotP56everyaccidentorillness,buttheyarehavingsomegoodresults.Ourworkplacesaresaferandcleanerthanbefore.Theplanesandcarsthatweusefortravelarebetter.Producersarethinkingmoreaboutthesafetyandhealthofthepeoplewhobuyandusetheirproducts.四、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWordS（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Whosayskidscan,tmakeadifference?InMissouri,agroupofstudentsareC57livesaroundtheworld!Howaretheydoingthis?They,rebuyingfananimals.Millionsofpeoplelivewithlittlefoodandmoney,sothegiftofananimalcana58savelives.Morethan10yearsago,thesecond-gradersatForsythSchoollearnedabouthowHeiferInternationalhelpspeople.Theydecidedthattheywantedtohelp,t.Heiferisanorganizationthathasbeenuturninghungerandpovertyintoh59"foralmost70years.Itdoesthisbygivingfarmanimalstopoorpeopleandteachingthemhowtousetheanimalstoimprovetheirlives.TheIogo（徽标）ofHeiferisayoungcow,andithasbecomeasymbolofHeifer,swork.Thafsbecausefamilieswithacowcanp60milkthattheycandrinkandtradeotherthingstheyneed.Animalssavelivesino61ways,too.Stronganimals,suchaswaterbuffaloes（水牛），canplowland（犁地）.Familieswithawaterbuffalocangrowmorefoodtoeatandsell.Heiferalsogivessuchanimalsasgoats,sheep,camelsandevenbeestofamiliesinneed.Eachsecond-gradeclassattheschooldecideswhichanimalstobuyandhowmuchtogivetospecialprojects.B62thestuden