美国名人小说家弗兰纳里·奥康纳.docx

美国名人小说家弗兰纳里奥康纳Flannery0,Connorz1925-1964:SheToldStoriesAboutPeopleLivinginSmallTownsintheAmericanSouthplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:36repeatByRichardThorman2008-7-5VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRayFreemanwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.Today,wetellaboutwriterFlanneryO'Connor.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:FlanneryO'Connor1.ateinherlifesomeoneaskedtheAmericanwriterFlanneryO'Connorwhyshewrote.Shesaid,"BecauseIamgoodatit.,Shewasgood.Yet,shewasnotalwaysasgoodawriterasshebecame.Sheimprovedbecauseshelistenedtoothers.Shechangedherstories.Shere-wrotethem,thenre-wrotethemagain,alwaysworkingtoimprovewhatshewascreating.Flanneryhadalwayswantedtobeawriter.AftershegraduatedfromGeorgiaStateCollegeforwomen,sheaskedtobeacceptedatawritingprogramattheStateUniversityofIowa.Theheadoftheschoolfounditdifficulttounderstandhersouthernspeech.Heaskedhertowritewhatshewanted.Thenheaskedtoseesomeexamplesofherwork.Hesawimmediatelythatthewritingwasfullofimaginationandbrightwithknowledge,likeFlanneryO'Connorherself.VOICETWO:MaryFlanneryO'ConnorwasbornMarchtwenty-fifth,nineteentwenty-five,inthesoutherncityofSavannah,Georgia.Theyearshewasborn,herfatherdevelopedararediseasecalledlupus.Hediedofthediseaseinnineteenforty-one.BythattimethefamilywaslivinginthesmallsoutherntownofMilledgeville,Georgia,inahouseownedbyFlannery'smother.1.ifeinasmalltownintheAmericanSouthwaswhatO'Connorknewbest.Yetshesaid,"Ifyouknowwhoyouare,youcangoanywhere.',VOICEONE:ManypeopleinthetownofMilledgevillethoughtshewasdifferentfromothergirls.Shewaskindtoeveryone,butsheseemedtostandtoonesideofwhatwashappening,asifshewantedtoseeitbetter.Hermotherwasherexample.Hermothersaid,"Iwasbroughtuptobenicetoeveryoneandnottotellmybusinesstoanyone."Flanneryalsodidnottalkaboutherself.Butinherwritingasilentanddistantangerexplodesfromthequietsurfaceofherstories.SomeseeherasaRomanCatholicreligiouswriter.TheyseeherangerasthesearchtosavehermoralbeingthroughherbeliefinJesusChrist.OthersdonotdenyherRomanCatholicreligiousbeliefs.Yettheyseehernotwritingaboutthings,butpresentingthethingsthemselves.VOICETWO:WhensheleftthewritingprogramatIowaStateUniversityshewasinvitedtojoinagroupofwritersattheYaddowriters'colony.YaddoisatSaratogaSpringsinNewYorkstate.Itprovidesasmallgroupofwriterswithahomeandaplacetoworkforashorttime.Thefollowingyear,nineteenforty-nine,shemovedtoNewYorkCity.ShesoonleftthecityandlivedwithherfriendRobertFitzgeraldandhisfamilyinthenortheasternstateofConnecticut.FitzgeraldsaysO1Connorneededtobealonetoworkduringtheday.Andsheneededherfriendstotalktowhenherworkwasdone.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Whilewritingherfirstnovel,"WiseBlood",shewasstrickenwiththediseaselupusthathadkilledherfather.Thetreatmentforlupusweakenedher.ShemovedbacktoGeorgiaandlivedtherestofherlifewithhermotheronafarmoutsideMilledgeville.O'Connorwasstillabletowrite,travel,andgivespeeches."WiseBlood"appearedinnineteenfifty-two.BothitandO'Connor'ssecondnovel,"TheViolentBearitAway,"areaboutayoungmangrowingup.Inbothbookstheyoungmenareunwillingtoaccepttheworktheyweremostfittodo.1.ikeallofFlanneryO'Connor'swriting,thebookisfilledwithhumorzevenwhenhermeaningisserious.Itshowsthemixofatraditionalworldwithamodernworld.Italsoshowsabattleofideasexpressedinthesimple,countrytalkthatO'Connorknewverywell.VOICETWO:In"WiseBlood",ayoungman,HazelMoteszleavestheArmybutfindshishometownempty.Hefleestoacity,lookingfor"aplacetobe."Onthetrain,heannouncesthathedoesnotbelieveinJesusChrist.Hesaysz"Iwouldn'tevenifheexisted.Evenifhewasonthistrain."Hismovingtothecityisanattempttomoveawayfromthenaturalworldandbecomeathing,amachine.Hedecidesthatallhecanknowiswhathecantouchandsee.Intheend,however,hedestroyshisphysicalsightsothathemaytrulysee,becausehesaysthatwhenhehadeyeshewasblind.CriticssayhisactionseemstoshowthatheisnolongerwillingtodenytheexistenceofJesusbutnowiswillingtofollowhimintothedark.Thenovelreceivedhighpraisefromcritics.Itdidnotbecomepopularwiththepublic,however.VOICEONE:O'Connor'ssecondnovel,"TheViolentBearitAway,"waspublishedinnineteensixty.Like"WiseBlood,"itisastoryaboutayoungmanlearningtodealwithlife.Thebookopenswiththeyoungman,FrancisMarionTarwaterzrefusingtodothetwothingshisgrandfatherhadorderedhimtodo.Thesearetoburytheoldmandeepintheground,andtobringreligiontohisuncle'smentallysickchild.Instead,Tarwaterburnsthehousewherehisgrandfatherdiedandletsthementallysickchilddrownduringareligiousceremony.VOICETWO:CriticssayTarwater'sviolencecomesfromhisattempttofindtruthbydenyingreligion.Intheend,however,heacceptsthathehasbeentouchedbyadeeperforce,theforceofthewordofGod,andhemustacceptthatword.BothofO'Connor'snovelsexplorethelongmomentoffearwhenayoungmanmustchoosebetweenthedifficultiesofgrowingupandthesafeworldofachild.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:FlanneryO'Connorisatleastaswellknownforherstoriesasforhernovels.Herfirstbookofstories,"AGoodManisHardtoFind,"appearedinnineteenfifty-five.Initshedealswithmanyoftheideasshewroteaboutin"WiseBlood,"suchasthesearchforJesusChrist.Inmanyofthestoriesthereisaconflictbetweentheworldofthespiritandtheworldofthebody.Inthestory,"TheLifeYouSaveMayBeYourOwn/'atravelingworkmanwithonlyonearmcomestoafarm.Heclaimstobemoreconcernedwiththingsofthespiritthanwithobjects.VOICETWO:Thewomanwhoownsthefarmofferstolethimmarryherdeafdaughter.Hefinallyagreeswhenthemothergiveshimthefarm,hercar;andseventeendollarsfortheweddingtrip.Hesays,"Lady,amanisdividedintotwoparts,bodyandspirit.Thebody,lady,islikeahouse:itdon'tgoanywhere;butthespirit,lady,islikeaautomobile,alwaysonthemove."Hemarriesthedaughteranddrivesoffwithher.Whentheystoptoeat,themanleavesheranddrivesofftowardthecity.Onthewayhestopsandgivesaridetoawanderingboy.Welearnthatwhentheone-armedmanwasachild,hismotherlefthim.Criticssaythatwhenhehelpstheboy,heishelpinghimself.VOICEONE:Innineteensixty-fourzO'Connorwasoperatedonforastomachdisease.OneresultofthisoperationwasthereturnofIupuszthediseasethatkilledherfather.OnAugustthird,nineteensixty-fou;FlanneryO'Connordied.Shewasthirty-nineyearsold.Neartheendofherlifeshesaid,"mabornCatholic,anddeathhasalwaysbeenbrothertomyimagination.,VOICETWO:Thenextyear,innineteenSiXty-five,herfinalcollectionofstories,"EverythingThatRisesMustConverge,"appeared.Initshespeaksofthecrueltyofdiseaseandthedeepercrueltythatexistsbetweenparentsandchildren.Inthesestories,grownchildrenareinastrugglewithparentstheyneitherlovenorleave.Manyofthechildrenfeelguiltyabouthatingthemotherswhozthechildrenfeel,havedestroyedthemthroughlove.Thechildrenwanttorebelviolently,buttheyfearlosingtheirmothers'protection.Innineteenseventy-one,O'Connor's"CollectedStories"waspublished.Thebookcontainsmostofwhatshewrote.Ithasallthestoriesofherearliercollections.Italsohasearlyversionsofbothnovelsthatwerefirstpublishedasstories.Andithaspartsofanuncompletednovelandanunpublishedstory.Innineteenseventy-twothislastbookwontheAmericanbookindustry'shighestprize,TheNationalBookAward.Asonecriticnoted,FlanneryO'Connordidnotlivelong,butsheliveddeeply,andwrotebeautifully.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyRichardThorman.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRayFreeman.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.