2023-2024学年外研版（2019）必修第三册Unit 3 The world of science【核心词汇】学案（含答案）.docx

Unit3Theworldofscience3.1核心词汇卬核心词汇1.pressv.按，压，推，挤；催促n.按，压，推，挤；出版社【用法】pressuren.按，压：压力presssbtodosth催促某人做某事presson继续前进【经典例句】 PresentlyIamgoingtopressthelever,andoffthemachinewillgo.(教材P25)现在我要按一下操纵杆，机器就开动了。 Theyarepressingustomakeaquickdecision.他们正催促我们尽快作出决定。 Iconsideredturningback»butitwasgettinglate*soIpressedon.我想往回走，但天色已晚，只好继续前行。,Shekickedatthedoorwithherfoot,andthepressurewasenoughtoopenit.她用脚踢门，力气之大足以把门踹开。【巧学助记】lf(press),hewilladmitthatheknewabouttheaffair.(2)She(press)herfaceagainstthewindowbutsawnothingoutside.EVenifIhadthetalenttoplaytennisIcouldn,tstandthe(press).We'lltalkaboutyoursuggestionlater-nowlet'sjust.我们稍后再谈你的建议，现在先继续吧。【答案】1.pressed2.pressed3.pressure4.presson2.desiren.渴望；欲望；愿望v.渴望；希望【用法】adesirefor.对的欲望desiretodosth渴望做某事desirethat.要求接宾语从句时，从句用(ShoUId+)do形式的动词有：一坚持(insist)；二命令(Order,command)：三建议(SUggest,propose,advise)；四要求(demand,require,request,desire)。Iinsistthatheshouldstaywhereheis.我坚持他留在原来的地方。【经典例句】Fewerpeopledesiretoliveinthenorthofthecountry.想住在这个国家北方的人就更少了。IdesirethatheshouldcallonmeonMondaymorning.我要求他周一早晨给我打电话。【巧学助记】Shehadlittledesirepowerandshejustwantedtoleadasimplelife.(2019高考天津卷)1&出咤satisfiesmydesire(keep)learning.Aftermanyyears'hardtrain,hedesires(win)agoldmedalinthe2020OlympicGames.Theemployeesdemandthattheirsalaries(raise).【答案】forIOkeePIOWin©(should)beraised3.significantadj.重要的，影响深远的【用法】significancen.意义；意思；重要性；重要意义beof(great/no/little)significanceto.对(很/不)重要attach(great)significanceto认为(很)重要【经典例句】(教材P29)Bulperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.但也许迄今为止人们取得的最重大成功是在医学上。Themostsignificantthingyoushouldkeepinmindisthatmostofthequestionsareeasyifyoumakeuseofcorrectmethods.你应该牢记的最重要的事情是如果你使用正确的方法的话，大部分问题是容易的。【巧学助记】MOStstudentsthinkittojointheEnglishcorner,thoughafewhaven'trealizedtheofit.(significance).(2)Inmyview,practicinghandwritingistothestudents*growth.我认为，练习书法对学生的成长有重要意义。随着时间的推移，人们更加重视教育了。Withtimegoingby,peoplethinkeducationisveryimportant.Withtimegoingby,peopleeducation.【答案】(1)significant(2)significance(3)ofgreatsignificanceattachgreatsignificanceto4.injurev.使受伤，弄伤【用法】injuryn.伤害；损伤；受伤处injuredadj.受伤的dosbaninjury加害于某人；伤害某人(heinjured伤者injure多指在意外事故中受伤，也指损害健康、成就、荣誉、自尊等hurt作及物动词，既可指肉体上的伤害，也指精神上或感情上的伤害；作不及物动词时，是“疼痛”之意wound作动词，表示在战斗、搏斗中受伤；作名词时，表示创伤【经典例句】AnditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefitinginBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!(教材P29)受益的不仅是人类在巴西，人们给在森林火灾中受伤的陆龟换上了一个新的3D打印的外壳。Ifyouexerciselikethat*you,lldoyourselfaninjury!如果你那样锻炼的话，你会受伤的！Aftertheaccident,theinjuredweretakentothenearesthospitalinnotime.事故发生后，受伤的人立刻被送进了最近的医院。【巧学助记】选词填空(injurehurtWoUnd)ltreallythatyou,dbelieveherinsteadofme.(2)Hedidn,trealizethathewasuntilthefirehadbeenputout.Inthemostrecentattackonemanwasshotdeadandtwootherswere.【答案】hurts©injuredWoUnded5.originn.起源；起因【用法】OrigilIateVi.&vt.起源;发源；创立OriginaIadj.最初的；原来的OriginanyadV.原来；起初【经典例句】(1)Thefamousscientistoriginatedthetheoryinthe17thcentury.那位著名科学家在17世纪创立了这个理论。这个男孩对地球上生命的起源感兴趣。Theboyisinterestedintheoriginoflifeonearth.【巧学助记】(I)Ithinkyoushouldgobacktoyour(origin)plan.(2)(origin),wehadintendedtogotoItaly,butthenwewonthetriptoGreece.【答案】1.original2.0riginally6.curen.疗法；药剂；治愈v.治愈，治疗【用法】Acurefor.的疗法/措施curesth治好的疾病cureSb治好某人curesbofsth使某人从某种疾病中痊愈；矫正某人的某种不良习惯与cure结构相似的词汇构成的短语：robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人的informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起某事【经典例句】(教材P31)Currently,there,snocureforAlzheimer's,butscientistsareresearchingwaystoimprovethequalityoflifeforpeoplelivingwiththedisease.目前，阿尔茨海默氏症还没有治愈的方法，但是科学家们正在研究改善阿尔茨海默氏症患者生活质量的方法。Manybadhabitscanbeespeciallydifficulttocurebecausetheyarelikelytohavebeenformedataveryyoungage.许多坏习惯特别难以纠正，因为它们可能是人们在年幼时就形成了的。【巧学助记】AlthOUghthismedicinecancureyouyourillness,ithasabadeffectonyou.EmPathycanbeacureloneliness,sadness,anxiety,andfear.Wilhthehelpofmyparentsandteachers,Iandmadeprogressinmystudy.在父母和老师的帮助下，我改正了一些缺点，在学习上取得了进步。【答案】1.of2.fbr3.curedsomeshortcomings7.attachv.系，绑，贴；使依恋；重视【用法】(l)attachsth.tosth.把附在上,把固定到上attachimportance/significanceto认为重要/有意义(2)attachedadj.(作表语)依恋的；附属于beattachedto附属于；依恋【经典例句】(教材P32)Ametalkeywasattachedtothestring.绳子上系着一把钥匙。SoIhavenochoicebuttobotheryoutocorrectmymistakesinthematerialIattachtotheletter.所以我别无选择，只能麻烦你纠正我在信中附带的材料中的错误。Iattachgreatimportancetothisresearch.我认为这项研究十分重要。Atonetimetheschoolsweremainlyattachedtothechurch.这些学校曾一度归教会主管。Preventingcrimeisahugesocialsystemproject,soitneedssocialforcetoattachitselftoit.预防犯罪是一项宏大的社会系统工程，需要全社会力量共同参与。【巧学助记】©Themiddleschool(attach)toBeijingNormalUniversityiswell-knownacrossthecountry.Onhertenthbirthdayshereceivedaboxofchocolateswithacard(attach)toit,sayingiiHappybirthday!"(3)Inmyopinion,moreimportanceshouldbeattachedto(develop)students'abilitytosolveproblems.©Parents(非常重视)education.Theywilldotheirbesttogivetheirchildrenthatpricelessgift.【答案】(1)attached(2)attached(3)developing(4)attachgreatimportanceto8.accountn.记述；描述；账目；账户【用法】onaccountof因为；由于takeaccountof=take.intoaccount考虑到;把考虑进去accountfor(数量上)占；解释/说明【经典例句】Infact,morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple,thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.(教材P33)事实上，不止一种说法认为，牛顿的灵感当然来自一个掉落的苹果，但并没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。Theflightwaspostponedonaccountofbadweather.因为天气恶劣，飞行延期了。Theminoritynationalitiesaccountforsixpercentofthepopulation.少数民族占人口的百分之六。Hisexamresultswerenotverygood,butwemusttakeintoaccounthislongillness.他的考试成绩不很好，但我们必须考虑到他曾经长期生病。【巧学助记】Maryoftendoespart-timejobstoearnextramoney,whichaccountshalfofherincome.(2)0naccounthisillness,hewasneverleftalone.(3)Thegovernmentshouldtakeaccountoftheinterestsofthedisabled.-*Thegovernmentshouldtheinterestsofthedisabled.【答案】for(2)of(3)takeintoaccount9.advancen.前进；进步；事先adj.预先的，在前的v.(使)进步；提前【用法】advancedadj.先进的，高级的inadvanceof.在前面inadvance预先，提前makegreatadvancesin.在取得很大进展advanceon/uponsp向某地推进、进逼【经典例句】Forexample,advancesinvirtualrealityandwearabletech,aswellastheflexiblebauery(教材P26)例如，虚拟现实技术、可穿戴技术以及柔性电池的进步Everythingwasfixedinadvance.一切都是预先安排好的。Thesoldiersadvancedontheenemy.战士们向敌人发起进攻。EnglandisanadvancedindustrialCOUnlry.英国是一个发达的工业国家。【巧学助记】Afterworkingdayandnight,wefinishedthework.日夜工作后，我们提前完成了工作。ThedateofthemeetingfromFridaytoMonday.会议日期已经从星期五提前到星期一。(3)Couldyougetreadythemeeting?你是否能在会前准备好？©Theyhaveinmedicineinthelasttenyears.在过去十年里，他们在医学方面取得了巨大的进步。【答案】1.inadvance2.hasbeenadvanced3.inadvanceof4.madegreatadvances