美国名人记者娜丽·布莱.docx

美国名人记者娜丽布莱NellieBly:NewspaperReporterUsedUnusualMethodstoInvestigateandWriteAboutIllegalActivitiesinNYCplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:56repeatByNancySteinbach2007-8-25VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRayFreemanwiththeSpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.EveryweekwetellaboutapersonimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,wetellaboutareporterofmorethanonehundredyearsago.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Theyearwaseighteeneighty-seven.TheplacewasNewYorkCity.Ayoungwoman,ElizabethCochrane,wantedajobatalargenewspaper.Theeditoragreed,ifshewouldinvestigateahospitalforpeoplewhowerementallysickandthenwriteaboutit.ElizabethCochranedecidedtobecomeapatientinthehospitalherself.SheusedthenameNellieBrownsonoonewoulddiscoverherorherpurpose.NewspaperOffiCialSsaidtheywouldgetherreleasedafterawhile.Toprepare,Nellieputonoldclothesandstoppedwashing.Shewenttoatemporaryhomeforwomen.Sheactedasifshehadseverementalproblems.Shecriedandscreamedandstayedawakeallnight.Thepolicewerecalled.Shewasexaminedbydoctors.Mostsaidshewasinsane.VOICETWO:NellieBrownwastakentothementalhospital.Itwasdirty.Wastematerialwasleftoutsidetheeatingroom.Bugsranacrossthetables.Thefoodwasterrible:hardbreadandgray-coloredmeat.Nursesbathedthepatientsincoldwaterandgavethemonlyathinpieceofclothtoweartobed.Duringtheday,thepatientsdidnothingbutsitquietly.Theyhadtotalkinquietvoices.YetzNelliegottoknowsomeofthem.Somewerewomenwhosefamilieshadputtheminthehospitalbecausetheyhadbeentoosicktowork.Somewerewomenwhohadappearedinsanebecausetheyweresickwithfever.Nowtheywerewellzbuttheycouldnotgetout.Nellierecognizedthatthedoctorsandnurseshadnointerestinthepatients'mentalhealth.Theywerepaidtokeepthepatientsinakindofjail.Nelliestayedinthehospitalfortendays.Thenalawyerfromthenewspapergotherreleased.VOICEONE:Fivedayslater,thestoryofElizabethCochrane'sexperienceinthehospitalappearedintheNewYorkWorldnewspaper.Readerswereshocked.Theywrotetoofficialsofthecityandthehospitalprotestingtheconditionsandpatienttreatment.Aninvestigationledtochangesatthehospital.ElizabethCochranehadmadeadifferenceinthelivesofthepeoplethere.Shemadeadifferenceinherownlifetoo.ShegotherjobattheNewYorkWorld.Andshewroteabookaboutherexperienceatthehospital.ShedidnotwriteitasNellieBrownzhowever;orasElizabethCochrane.Shewroteitunderthenamethatalwaysappearedonhernewspaperstories:NellieBly.VOICETWO:ThechildwhowouldgrowuptobecomeNellieBlywasbornduringtheCivilWar,ineighteensixty-four;inwesternPennsylvania.HerfamilycalledherPink.Herfatherwasajudge.Hediedwhenshewassixyearsold.Hermothermarriedagain.Buthernewhusbanddranktoomuchalcoholandbeather.Shegotadivorceineighteenseventy-nine,whenPinkwasfifteenyearsold.Pinkdecidedtolearntosupportherselfsoshewouldneverneedaman.Pink,hermother,brothersandsistersmovedtoatownnearthecityofPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Pinkworkedatdifferentjobsbutcouldnotfindagoodone.Oneday,shereadsomethinginthePittsburghDispatchnewspaper.Theeditorofthepaper;ErasmusWilson,wrotethatitwaswrongforwomentogetjobs.Hesaidmenshouldhavethem.Pinkwrotethenewspapertodisagree.Shesaidshehadbeenlookingforagoodjobforaboutfouryears,asshehadnofatherorhusbandtosupporther.Shesignedit"OrphanGirl".VOICEONE:Theeditorsofthedispatchlikedherletter.Theyputanoteinthepaperasking"OrphanGirl"tovisit.Pinkdid.MisterWilsonofferedherajob.Hesaidshecouldnotsignherstorieswithherrealname,becausenowomanwriterdidthat.Heaskednewswritersforsuggestions.OnewasNellieBly,thenameofagirlinapopularsong.SoPinkbecameNellieBly.Forninemonths,shewrotestoriesofinteresttowomen.Thensheleftthenewspaperbecauseshewasnotpermittedtowritewhatshewanted.ShewenttoMexicotofindexcitement.Shestayedtheresixmonths,sendingstoriestotheDispatchtobepublished.SoonaftershereturnedtothePittsburghDispatchzshedecidedtolookforanotherjob.NellieBlyleftforNewYorkCityandbeganherjobattheNewYorkWorld.VOICETWO:AsareporterfortheNewYorkWorld,NellieBlyinvestigatedandwroteaboutillegalactivitiesinthecity.Foronestory,sheactedasifshewasamotherwillingtosellherbaby.Foranother;shepretendedtobeawomanwhocleanedhousessoshecouldreportaboutillegalactivitiesinemploymentagencies.Today,anewspaperreporterusuallydoesnotpretendtobesomeoneelsetogetinformationforastory.Mostnewspapersbansuchacts.ButinNellieBly'sday,reportersusedanymethodtogetinformation,especiallyiftheyweretryingtodiscoverpeopleguiltyofdoingsomethingwrong.NellieBly'ssuccessatthislednewspaperstoemploymorewomen.Butshewasthemostpopularofthewomenwriters.HistoryexpertssayNellieBlywasspecialbecausesheincludedherownideasandfeelingsineverythingshewrote.Theysayherownvoiceseemedtospeakonthepage.NellieBly'sstoriesalwaysprovideddetaileddescriptions.Andherstoriesalwaystriedtoimprovesociety.CriticssaidNellieBlywasanexampleofwhatareportercando,eventoday.Shesaweverysituationasachancetomakearealdifferenceinotherpeople'slivesaswellasherown.VOICEONE:NellieBlymaybebestrememberedinhistoryforatripshetook.Intheeighteenseventies,FrenchwriterJulesVernewrotethebook"AroundtheWorldinEightyDays."Ittoldofaman'sattempttotravelallaroundtheworld.Hesucceeded.Inreallife,noonehadtried.Byeighteeneighty-eight,anumberofreporterswantedtodoit.NellieBlytoldhereditorsshewouldgoeveniftheydidnothelpher.Buttheydid.VOICETWO:NellieBlyleftNewYorkforFranceonNovemberfourteenth,eighteeneighty-nine.ShemetJulesVerneathishomeinFrance.Shetoldhimaboutherplanstotravelalonebytrainandshiparoundtheworld.FromFranceshewenttoItalyandEgypt,throughSouthAsiatoSingaporeandJapan,thentoSanFranciscoandbacktoNewYork.NellieBly'stripcreatedmoreinterestinJulesVerne'sbook.Beforethetripwasover,"AroundtheWorldinEightyDays"waspublishedagain.AndatheaterinParishadplanstoproduceastageplayofthebook.VOICEONE:BackhomeinNewYork,theWorldwaspublishingthestoriesBlywrotewhiletravelling.Ondayswhenthemailbroughtnostoryfromher;theeditorsstillfoundsomethingtowriteaboutit.TheypublishednewsongswrittenaboutBlyandnewgamesbasedonhertrip.Thenewspaperannouncedacompetitiontoguesshowlonghertripwouldtake.TheprizewasafreetriptoEurope.ByDecembersecond,aboutonehundredthousandreadershadsentintheirestimates.NellieBlyarrivedbackwhereshestartedonJanuarytwenty-fifth,eighteenninety.Ithadtakenherseventy-sixdays,sixhours,elevenminutesandfourteenseconds.Shewastwenty-fiveyearsold.Andshewasfamousaroundtheworld.VOICETWO:ElizabethCochranediedinNewYorkinnineteentwenty-two.Shewasfifty-eightyearsold.Intheyearssinceherfamoustrip,shehadmarried,andheadedabusiness.Shealsohadhelpedpoorandhomelesschildren.AndshehadcontinuedtowriteallherlifefornewspapersandmagazinesasNellieBly.Onenewspaperofficialwrotethisaboutherafterherdeath:"NellieBlywasthebestreporterinAmerica.Moreimportantistheworkofwhichtheworldknewnothing.Shediedleavinglittlemoney.Whatshehadwaspromisedtotakecareofchildrenwithouthomes,forwhomshewishedtoprovide.Herlifewasuseful.ShetakeswithherfromthisEarthallthatshecaredabout-anhonorablename,therespectandaffectionofherfellowworkers,thememoryofgoodfightswellfoughtandmanygooddeedsnevertobeforgotten.Happythemanorwomanthatcanleaveasgoodarecord."(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica,waswrittenbyNancySteinbach.YournarratorswereShirleyGriffithandRayFreeman.