Explained《解释一切（2018）》第三季第六集完整中英文对照剧本.docx

平均每年有七千多部新电影上映RainnWilsonInanaverageyear,morethan7,000newmoviesarereleased超过一千多部新电视节目andoverathousandnewTVshows,数千个新的电子游戏thousandsofnewvideogames,每天有成千上万条新播客hundredsofthousandsofnewpodcasts,和六万多首新歌♥andmorethan60,000newtracks上传到Spotify音乐平台areuploadedtoSpotifyeveryday.在所有这些娱乐消遣中Amongalltheseoptionsforpleasureanddiversion,于2020年受欢迎程度增长最多的一项theonethatexperiencedthegreatestsurgeinpopularityin2020是拥有超过一千五百多年的历史isover1,500yearsold.国际象棋正经历着我们从未见过的繁荣Aboomistakingplaceinchesslikewehaveneverseen.该娱乐活动高居心愿清单榜首reporterThegameistoppingwishliststhisholidayseason,零售商称国际象棋库存告急andretailerssaythey'rehavingtroublekeepingitinstock.甚至在国际上Eveninternationally,象棋的下载量也上升了11%itlookslikedownloadsforchessareupby11%.在很短一段时间里国际象棋是流媒体平台Twitch上narratorForabriefperiod,itwasthemostpopulargenre最受欢迎的类型onthestreamingplatformTwitch,超过了像英雄联盟和堡垒之夜这样的电子游戏surpassingvideogameslikeLeagueofLegendsandFortnite.成千上万的人甚至收看了我的比赛Thousandseventunedintowatchmeplay.他失误走到了H4逻辑要被将死了HeblunderstoH4.Logic'sgonnaseethecheckmate,Ithink.瞎说什么呢？白♥痴♥!WilsonWhatwasthat?Idiot!我问看国际象棋的历史的时候WhenIlookatchessthroughitshistory,发现它被认为是一种高智慧的人玩的游戏itwasconsideredagamethatpeoplewhowereverysmartplayed.伟大的领袖深受其吸引Greatleadershavebeendrawntoit.还有思想家Andthinkers,还有艺术家andartists,还有精英运动员andeliteathletes.名人会来店里下棋manCelebritieswhocometoplaychessinthestore.马塞尔杜尚过去常来这里玩MarcelDuchampusedtocomeandplayinthisaddress.斯坦利库布里克过去常来这里玩StanleyKubrickusedtocomeandplay.鲍比菲舍尔也常来玩ButalsoBobbyFischerusedtocomeandplay.要成为一名优秀的棋手不必是天才Tobeagoodchessplayer,youdonothavetobeagenius.这一点的确是个迷思Ithinkthat'saverybigmyth.但一直以来象棋不仅仅是一种消遣WilsonButchesshasalwaysbeenmorethanjustapastime.它超越了年龄、信仰和文化Onethattranscendsage,creedandculture,不知何故它永远不会过时butsomehownevergetsold.象棋很有吸引力就像是逃肉现实生活It,sfascinating.It'slikeescapingfromyourreallife带你进入6♥4♥个方格的新世界intothisnewworldof6♥4♥squares.那么为什么这种古老的棋盘游戏WilsonSowhydoesthisancientboardgame一直紧紧抓住我们的想象力呢？continuetocaptureourimagination?国际象棋有什么特别之处？What'ssospecialaboutchess?国际象棋是一种很棒的游戏一种脑力的游戏和运动man1Chessisagreatgame.Agameandasportforthemind.一个人需要倾尽所有的时间才能成为man2Oneneedstogiveallone'stimetoittomake世界顶级棋手thetopplayersintheworld.我喜欢下棋因为这个游戏很不错Iliketoplaychessbecauseit'sanicegame.我们现在意识到任何大脑正常的人Wenowrealizethatanyonewithanormaloneofthesepiecesofequipment都可以成为特级大♥师♥canbecomeaGrandmaster.国际象棋机器通过过去的经验man3Thechess-playingmachinelearnsthebestmoves分♥析♥一些不同的象棋走法来学习最佳的招数byusingitspastexperiencetoanalyzeanumberofdifferentmoves.然后选择种Andthenselectsone.剧名：国际象棋crowdclamoring王国遭到攻击WilsonAkingdomisunderattack.敌人的骑兵突攻陷了城♥堡♥Theenemy'scavalryhasstormedthecastle.国王已经逃走了Thekingalreadyfled.没有人知道他逃去了哪里Nobody'ssurewherehe'sgoing,但国王不死战斗就不会罢休butthey'llfightuntiltheylearnhe'sdead.这是女王有生以来第一次感到无助Forthefirsttimeinherlife,thequeenisentirelyhelpless.一个帝国被摧毁得如此惨烈Anempirebroughttoitskneessospectacularly,这是子孙后代应该了解的事情it'sthekindofthingfuturegenerationsshouldstudy.他们的确做到了Andtheyhave.这个棋盘上所发生的的故事正是如此That'sallhappeningonthischessboard.这个游戏中的这一时刻Andthismomentinthisgame充满“专奇的意味istheStuffoflegend.这是一种很美妙的游戏manItwasabeautifulgame.当然对于初学者来说会觉得非常神奇Andtobeginners,ofcourse,itjustlookedmiraculous.德国工程师爱德华拉斯克WilsonEdwardLasker,aGermanengineer,在1912年的某天于伦敦下船时hadnoideahewasabouttomakechesshistory并不知道自己命中注定将在那天创造国际象棋的历史whenhegotofftheboatinLondononthatfatefuldayin1912.他的第一站是城市顶级象棋俱乐部Andhisfirststopwasthecity,stopchessclub.拉斯克一句英语都不会讲但在这里1.askerdidn'tspeakawordOfEnglish,buthere,这件事不重要有人邀请他来简单较量一下itdidn,tmatter.Amaninvitedhimtoplayaquickgame.拉斯克不知道他是乔治艾伦托马斯爵士1.askerdidn'tknowitwasSirGeorgeAlanThomas,可以算是英格兰最好的棋手arguablythebestplayerinEngland.这是一场比较随意的比赛但碰巧被记录F来了Itwasacasual,offhandgamethathappenedtoberecorded.不是锦标赛也不是为了钱Itwasnotinatournament,anditwasnotformoney.如今这次比赛被戏称为“完美的国王猎杀”WilsonToday,it,snicknamed"ThePerfectKingHunt"因为实在是太残酷了becauseit'ssoexquisitelybrutal.有时候也称为“致命诱惑”Orsometimes"FatalAttraction,"因为它本身也美妙至极becauseit'sbeautifulatthesametime.要真正看到象棋的美Andtoreallyseethebeautyofit,首先要知道如何下象棋itfirsthelpstoknowhowtoplay.我要教的是六岁的还是二十岁的人？AmIteachingasix-year-oldora20-year-old?六岁小孩绝对是六岁womanAsix-year-old.Definitelyasix-year-old.你的手下有八个兵WilsonAtyourdisposalareeightpawns,就是你的步兵yourfootsoldiers.六岁的孩子们对兵有认同感SaidyThesix-year-oldsidentifywiththepawns.兵是最弱小的棋子They'retheweakestlittlepieces,但它们能战胜敌人的国王buttheycanovercometheenemyking.然后有车强大的城♥堡♥Thenyouhavetherooks,thepowerfulcastles.车走直线不算是最激动人心的棋子Itjustgoesinastraightline.It'snotthemostexcitingpiece.车旁边是马WilsonNexttotherooksareyourknights.它们看起来就像Theylooklike.马一样每个人都喜欢马对吧？Horsies.Everybodyloveshorsies,okay?它们以"L"字形移♥动♥NakamuraTheymoveinan"L"shape.它们跳着走-有点像马SaidyTheyhoparound.-Kindoflikeahorse.下一个棋子是象KhachanNextplayeristhebishop.非常远的距离它们可以从棋盘的一端到另一端NakamuraVeryfardistance.Theycangofromoneendoftheboardtotheotherend攻击对手的棋子andattackyouropponent'spieces.象旁边是最强大的棋子WilsonNexttothebishopisyourmostpowerfulpiece.在15世纪末之前Priortothelate15thcentury,这个棋子只能走一个格子thatpieceonlywentonesquare.但后来欧洲各地涌现出了许多有权势的女领导人WilsonButthenalotofpowerfulfemaleleadersemergedalloverEurope.（阿♥拉♥贡的凯瑟琳）突然间那个弱小的棋子Andsuddenlythatweakpiece.被一个可以一步SaidyWasreplacedbyaqueen去往棋盘各处的后所取代thatcouldgoallovertheboardinonemove.失去了后的话除非你真的很厉害否则不妨认输算了Withoutaqueen,unlessyouaregood,youmightaswellresign.接下来就是最重要的棋子WilsonAndthenthere,syourmostimportantpieceofall.弱弱的王SaidyThelittleking,只能向任何方向上移♥动♥个格子thatcanonlygoonesquareinanydirection.他看起来像个懦夫Heseemslikesuchaweakling,但如果你不保护他你就会输掉比赛butifyoudon'tprotecthim,youlosethegame.在古波斯人们常说WilsonInancientPersia,they'dsay,“将死对方的王""Shahmat,"“国王死了”"Thekingisdead,"变成了“将死”whichbecame"checkmate."就是这样Andthat'sit.这是你的军队你敌人的同你的祥Thisisyourarmy,sameasyourenemy's.现在你只需要走出第一步Now,youjusthavetomakeyourfirstmove.（开局）爱德华拉斯克执白棋这意味着他要先走EdwardLaskerdrewwhitepieces,whichmeanthewouldgofirst.他面前有20种选择Andtherewere20thingshecoulddo.托马斯爵士也一样SameforSirThomas.但这两种选择Butalreadythosetwochoices已经可能导致400种不同的棋局couldresultin400differentgames.拉斯克和托马斯是这样下的1.askerandThomasplayedthisone.一步之后可能的棋盘布局情况Amovelater,thenumberofpossibleboardconfigurationsshootsup激增至71852种to71,852.在每位棋手走完第三步后大约是九百万种Aftereachplayermakestheirthirdmove,it'saroundninemillion.有这么多选择如何决定该怎么走呢？Withthatmanyoptions,howdoyoudecidewhattodo?几个世纪以来答案都是Forcenturies,theanswerwas“你要出击杀敌”"You'reoutforblood."在18世纪这被认为是SaidyInthe18thcentury,thatwasconsidered唯一具有绅士风度的下棋方式theonlygentlemanlywaytoplaythegame.你毫无顾虑地攻击对手Andyouattacktheopponentwithcompleteabandon,你可以随意牺牲你的兵yougiveawaypawnsatwill.我们称这个时期为国际象棋的浪漫时代WecallthattheRomanticeraofchess.大致与艺术上的浪漫主义时代相吻合WilsonItroughlycoincidedwiththeRomanticerainthearts.音乐、绘画、诗歌♥Music,painting,poetry更注重情感的表达而不是技术的掌握focusedonemotionalexpressionratherthantechnicalmastery.国际象棋的关键不仅仅在于赢Chesswasn'tjustaboutwinning.而在于赢得漂亮Itwasaboutwinningbeautifully.然后斯坦尼茨出现了SaidyThenSteinitzcamealong.威廉斯坦尼茨WilsonWilhelmSteinitz,第一位官方世界象棋冠军他说thefirstofficialworldchesschampion,andhesaid.“这有点简单粗暴啊”Saidy"Well,thisisalittlecrude."斯坦尼茨开创了一个新时代WilsonSteinitzusheredinanewera,国际象棋的科学学派诞生了thescientificschoolofchess.就像艺术家从戏剧转向现实主义和精确性一样Justasartistsmovedawayfromdramainfavorofrealismandprecision,棋手们开始制定下棋的基本原则chessplayerssetaboutlayingdownfundamentalprinciplesofthegame.再看看这些走法1.ookatthesemovesagain.拉斯克朝棋盘中♥央♥冲了过去1.askergoesforthecenteroftheboard.设法控制中心是首要原则Tryingtocontrolthecenterisprinciplenumberone.这里是战场的中心It,stheheartofthebattlefield.然后拉斯克移♥动♥了他的马ThenLaskermoveshisknight.这是第二个原则That'sasecondprinciple.尽快将更为强大的棋子投入战斗Getyourmorepowerfulpiecesintotheactionassoonaspossible.但开局时你不是孤立无援的Butintheopening,you'renotonyourown.过去的伟大棋手已经完成了很多艰巨的工作Thegreatplayersofthepasthavealreadydonealotoftheheavylifting.有丹麦弃兵局、伊文思弃兵局NakamuraThere'stheDanishGambit,theEvansGambit.西西里防御SaidySicilianDefense,法兰西防御、西班牙开局theFrenchDefense,theRuyLopez.当然还有后翼弃兵局WilsonAndyes,theQueen'sGambit.数以百计的开局已经被整理编纂Hundredsofopeningshavebeencodified,了解一些开局理论很有助益andithelpstoknowsomeopeningtheory.如果你的对手了解理论而你不了解SaidyIfyouropponentknowsitandyoudon't,那你可能会落入陷阱那是我们不想出现的情况youmayfallintoatrap.Youdon'twanttobeinthatboat.但到了第四步不同的棋盘布局WilsonButbymovefour,thenumberofdistinctboardconfigurations已经达到了3150亿种isalreadyat315billion.迟早你得放弃书中二千种棋谱走法Soonerorlater,youhavetoabandonthebookmoves开始自谋生路andstartfendingforyourself.（中局）中局是主要的对弈场所了SaidyThemiddlegameisthemainfightingarena,这一时期棋手要执行计划和策略whereplansandstrategiesarecarriedout.中局通常能决定Themiddlegameusuallydecides比赛的结果theoutcomeofthegame.拉斯克的象发出攻击WilsonLasker'sbishopisoutforblood.但这种胜利是短暂的Butthetriumphisshort-lived.一个兵勇敢进入了大屠♥杀♥Apawnbravelyentersthebloodbath立即被屠♥杀♥了andisinstantlyslaughtered.王几乎进入了白后的视线Thewhitequeenalmosthadthekinginhersights,直到他低头寻找了掩护beforeheduckedforcover.在当时这是一场令人振奋的比赛Thiswasanexhilaratinggameforthetimeitwasplayed.记住那是1912年Remember,thiswas1912.科学学派正处于鼎盛时期Thescientificschoolwasatitspeak,国际象棋已经转变成一种更加复杂andchesshadbeentransformedintosomethingmoresophisticated,更精于算计calculated,and.更无趣的游戏boring.但一个全新的时代即将开始了Butawholenewerawasjustabouttobegin.即艺术、音乐、政♥治♥TheageOfrebellioninarts,music,还有象棋的叛逆时代politics,andchess.来见见超现代主义家Meetthehypermodernists.他们攻击传统观念SaidyTheywereiconoclasts,他们说：“我们要采取不同的玩法”andtheysaid,"We,regoingtoplaydifferently."比如开局不占领中心位置WilsonLikeleavingthecenteroftheboardopen,而是以一种中心位置会变成死亡陷阱的方式butpositioningtheirpiecesinsuchawaythatthecenter放置棋子becameadeathtrap.我们没有放弃中心位置我们只是以不同的方式控制它"We'renotgivingupthecenter,we,rejustcontrollingitdifferently.'*超现代主义者对国际象棋的改变WilsonThehypermodernistsdidtochess如同超现实主义者对艺术的改变whatsurrealistsdidtoart.把握看似普通的事物并重新构想它们的可能性Takingthingsthatseemedordinaryandreimaginingtheirpossibilities.没什么必须就是表面看起来的样子Nothinghadtobewhatitseemed.（这不是烟斗）我们必须记住国际象棋是历史上最古老的战争游戏Wehavetokeepinmindthatchessistheoldestwargameinhistory.在最高的竞争水平上Atthehighestcompetitivelevel,这确实是一项残酷的运动it'sreallyabloodsport.异常艰难It'shard.在锦标赛期间一位国际象棋选手的血压WilsonDuringatournament,achessplayer'sbloodpressure可能和马拉松选手的血压一样高canstayashighasacompetitivemarathonrunner,s.他们每天可以燃烧多达六千的卡路里Andtheycanburnupto6,000caloriesaday,比一个世界级的网球运动员还要多morethanaworld-classtennisplayer.一直坐着Allwhilesittingdown,思考simplythinking.20世纪40年代一位荷兰心理学家Sointhe1940s,aDutchpsychologist,阿德里安德赫罗特AdriaandeGroot,开始研究棋手大脑的变化setouttostudywhatgoesoninachessplayer'smind.他向不同技术水平的棋手Hepresentedplayersofvariousskilllevels展示了这样一个陌生的棋局withanunfamiliarpositionlikethis,然后让他们在决定下一步行动时川力思考andthenaskedthemtothinkaloudastheydecidedtheirnextmove.他发现象棋特级大♥师♥和普通职业棋手AndhefoundthatGrandmastersandregularpros在下一步棋中考虑的招数数量大致相同consideredaroundthesamenumberofoptionsfortheirnextmove.他们计划了几乎相同数量的前进方法Andtheyplottedoutanalmostidenticalnumberofmovesahead.那是什么让伟大的棋手如此伟大呢？So,whatmadethegreatplayersgreat?他们看到了更好的走法Well,theysawbetteroptions.理查德雷蒂一位伟大的超现代主义者SaidyRichardReti,oneofthegreathypermoderns,有人问到他会多考虑多少步棋wasaskedhowmanymovesdidhelookahead.他说：Andhesaid,“只有一种最好的一种”"Onlyone.Thebestone."我认为最重要的是你必须有很强的记忆力Ithink,firstandforemost,youhavetobeverystrongatmemorizing.几乎所有非常强大的特级大♥师♥Almosteverybodywho,saverystrongGrandmaster都会回忆起他们在职业生涯中参加过的比赛willhavesomewayofrecallinggamesthey'veplayedovertheirlongcareer,通常会关注象和马的位置sooftentimeswilllookattheplacementofwherethebishopsandknightsare,以及兵的位置wherethepawnsare,并将现在的棋局与过去参加的比赛进行比较andtrytocompareittogameswe'veplayedinthepast.棋子的位置对于棋手来说WilsonToachessplayer,就像钢琴和♥弦♥对于作曲家-样thepositionsofpiecesarelikepianochordstoacomposer.在每个和♥弦♥之后Aftereachchord,作曲家可能会有意识地只考虑几个选择theplayermightconsciouslyconsiderjustafewoptions,因为他们已经在内心深处becausethey'vestoreddeepdown储存了十几种声音的效果howdozenswouldsound.这来自于对音阶和琴键的研究Andthatcomesfromstudyingscalesandkeys,是几个世纪前形成的智慧wisdomcodifiedcenturiesago我们知道什么样的音符模式听起来更好听aboutwhatpatternsofnotessoundgood.同时这也来自于Anditalsocomes实践fromplaying.这是经验的问题It,samatterofexperience.相信我要成为一名大&hearts刃干♥级棋手Andbelieveme,there'salotofplayingandstudying需要大量的演练和学习thatgoesintomakingamasterplayer.在20世纪WilsonAndinthe20thcentury,没有人比苏联人学习得更刻苦nobodystudiedharderthantheSoviets.苏联人在学校里学习象棋Chesswasstudiedinschools在公园里和河岸边下象棋andplayedintheparks,andalongriverbanks.俱乐部出现在全国各地Clubsemergedalloverthecountry,杂♥志♥再版了著名的比赛和拆棋分♥析♥andmagazinesreprintedfamousgamesandanalyses.国际象棋是国家间的一项竞赛项目Chessisoneofthethingsthatnationscompetein,因为它在某种程度上反映了一个国家的进步becauseit's,inaway,areflectionoftheprogressofthenation.对苏联政♥权♥来说象棋处于支配地位不仅表明了人们在棋盘上的斗争WilsonFortheregime,chessdominancewasn'tjustaboutthefightontheboard.这更证明了共♥产♥主义在知识上ItwastheproofOfcommunistintellectualsuperiority优于腐朽的西方overthedecadentWest.24年来他们不仅赢得了世界冠军For24years,theydidn'tjustwintheWorldChampionship.而且没有其他人有资格和他们比赛Nobodyelsequalifiedtoevenplayagainstthem.直到1972年Until1972鲍比非舍尔出现了andBobbyFischer.在美国IntheUS,国际象棋突然成为黄金时段的播报素材chesswassuddenlyprime-timematerial.俄♥罗♥斯♥的世界冠军鲍里斯斯帕斯基Russia,sBorisSpassky,theworldchampion,在今年夏天将与美国的鲍比菲舍尔istomeetAmerica1SBobbyFischer进行一场24场的锦标赛对战ina24-gamechampionshipmatchthissummer.这关系到俄♥罗&hearts撕♥人的巨大声望Atstake,immenseprestigefortheRussians,他们小心翼翼地维护着自己作为国际象棋大♥师♥国家的声誉whojealouslyguardtheirreputationasthecountryofthechessmasters.国际象棋联合会想在明天早上前了解TheInternationalChessFederationwantswordbytomorrowmorningfromFischer菲舍尔是否同意在冰岛参加24场比赛onwhetherhe,sagreeableto24gamesinIceland,菲舍尔正在考虑如何回复andFischeristakinghistimeanswering.在他的职业生涯中Hehadhadareputation他的挑剔和高要求forbeingextremelyfinickyanddemanding是出了名的throughouthiscareer.鲍比非舍尔最终同意去冰岛WilsonBobbyFischerfinallydidagreetogo并前往纽约赶飞机但是后来andtraveledtoNewYorktocatchtheflight,butthen又改变了主意changedhismind.没有人知道该怎么办他不愿意上飞机Nobodyknewwhattodo.Hewouldn'tgetontheplane.让鲍里斯斯帕斯基WilsonLeavingBorisSpassky和全世界都紧张地等待着andtherestoftheworld,insuspense.这样的等待扰乱了你的日常生活吗？Isitupsettingyourroutine,thiswaiting?没有谢谢非常感谢你的提问No,thankyou.Thankyouverymuchforyourquestions.你似乎对发生的事不太担心是吗？reporterYoudon'tseemveryworriedbywhat'sgoingon.Areyou?我们不知所措SaidyWewerestuck,我们甚至不知道他会睡在哪里andwedidn'tevenknowwherehewouldsleep.半夜给我妈打了电♥话♥Calledupmymotherinthemiddleofthenight,她是黎巴嫩人非常热情好客地说：“你当然可以把他带过来”andtruetoherLebanesehospitality,shesaid,"Sureyoucanbringhimover,"她不知道我们的家notknowingth