美国名人电影导演、编剧、制片人比利·怀尔德.docx

美国名人电影导演、编剧、制片人比利怀尔德B川yWilder,1906-2002:HeMadeMoviesThatPeopleWillNeverForgetplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:48repeatByJeriIynWatson2007-3-3VOICEONE:mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.TodaywetellaboutBillyWilder.HewasthedirectorofsomeofthegreatestAmericanmovies.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ManyexpertssaythatBillyWilderchangedthehistoryofAmericanmovies.HeisoftencalledthebestmoviemakerHollywoodhaseverhad.Hewasknownformakingmoviesthatofferedsharpsocialcommentandadultsexualsituations.Wilderwasoneofthefirstdirectorstodothis.Betweenthemiddlenineteenthirtiesandthenineteeneighties,BillyWildermadealmostfiftymovies.DuringthattimehereceivedmorethantwentynominationsfromtheAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciences.HewonsixoftheOscarawards.Hismovieshavebeenseenbypeoplearoundtheworld.Wildermadefamousmovieslike"SunsetBoulevard","SomeLikeItHot",and"DoubleIndemnity."Healsodirected"TheLostWeekend","TheApartment",and"TheSevenYearItch."VOICETWO:SamuelWilderwasborninnineteen-oh-sixintheformerAustro-HungarianEmpire.HisbirthplaceisnowpartofPoland.HismotherhadenjoyedspendingseveralyearsintheUnitedStateswhenshewasyoung.SoshecalledhimBillybecauseshethoughtitsoundedAmerican.BillyWilderstartedlawschoolinVienna,Austria.Thenhedecidednottobecomealawyer.Instead,hebeganreportingforaViennanewspaper.Bythenineteentwenties,hewaswritingmoviesinGermany.However;theNazishadrisentopowerinthenation.WilderwasJewish,andherecognizedthathehadnofutureinNaziGermany.Innineteenthirty-three,hewenttoParis.Therehedirectedamovieforthefirsttime.Itwascalled"TheBadSeed."ThenhereceivedwordthatproducersintheUnitedStateshadacceptedoneofhisscripts.BillyWilderleftEuropeforAmerica.VOICEONE:BillyWilderhadonlyelevendollarswhenhearrivedtosettleintheUnitedStatesinnineteenthirty-four.HedecidedtoliveinthecenterofAmericanmoviemaking,Hollywood,California.Atthetime,manypeoplewhohadleftGermanywereworkingthere.TheyhelpedWildergetjobs.AfterawhileheformedawritingteamwithCharlesBrackett.Thetwowriterscreatedmanyfilmstogether.WilderandBrackettwroteseveralsuccessfulmovies.Onewasthenineteenthirty-ninemovie,"Ninotchka",starringGretaGarbo.ErnstLubitschdirectedthefilm.Wilderalwayspraisedthismanasafriendandteacherwhosehumorandexpertdirectiongreatlyinfluencedhiswork.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Inhislovestories,BillyWilderdidnotfollowtheHollywoodtraditionofsweetboy-meets-girlsituations.Hehadanunusualwayofshowingrelationsbetweenmenandwomen.Forexample,oneofhismostsuccessfulfilmswas"HoldBacktheDawn."TheFrenchactorCharlesBoyerplaysarefugeeinthisnineteenforty-onefilm.HemarriesanAmericanwomansohecanentertheUnitedStates.Innineteenforty-four;BillyWildermadeafilmcalled"DoubleIndemnity."SomecriticssaidthismovieestablishedhimasoneofthegreatestHollywooddirectors.Ittoldaviciousstoryaboutamarriedwomanandherboyfriend.Theyplotthedeathofherhusband.CharlesBrackettthoughtthestorywasnotmoral.SothefamousAmericanmysterywriterRaymondChandlerwasaskedtohelpwritethescript.VOICEONE:Asadirector,BillyWilderoftenviolatedHollywoodcustomsaboutsocialissues.Forexample,someonewhodrinkstoomuchalcoholhadrarelybeenamoviesubject.ThenWilderdirected"TheLostWeekend"innineteenforty-five.CharlesBrackettreturnedtoworkonthemoviewithhim.TheydevelopedthescriptfromabookbyCharlesJackson.RayMillandplaysthepartofanalcoholicwriterinthemovie.Itshowsthatalcoholruleshislife,yethedoesnotadmitit.Hehidesalcoholinhishomeandsaysheisnotdrinking.VOICETWO:Reportsatthetimesaidmanufacturersofalcoholicdrinkstriedtosuppressthemovie.Theydidnotsucceed.Thepublicandcriticspraised"TheLostWeekend"foritspainfulhonesty.TheAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciencesgaveRayMillandthebestactoraward.BillyWilderwontwoAcademyAwards.Onehonoredhispartinwritingthescript.Theotherhonoredhisdirection."TheLostWeekend"alsowonthefirstGrandPrix-firstprize-oftheCannesFilmFestivalinCannes,France.WorldWarTwoendedinnineteenforty-five.WilderhadbecomeanAmericancitizeninnineteenthirty-nine.Afterthewar,WilderwasaskedbytheUnitedStatesArmytogotoGermanytohelpre-organizethemovieindustryandradiomedia.TheNazigovernmenthadusedbothforitspropaganda.WhileinGermany;WilderlearnedthattheNazishadmurderedhissister,hismotherandhismother'shusband.VOICEONE:Innineteenfifty,Wildermade"SunsetBoulevard."Thismovietoldofanagingactressinsilentmovies.Sheplanstoreturntomovies.GloriaSwansonplayedthisstar.Morethanfiftyyearslater,movie-loverscanstillrepeatsomeofherlines.Inoneofthefamouslinesin"SunsetBoulevard/'MizSwansonrememberstellingthefamousdirectorCecilB.DeMillethatsheispreparedforhimtostartfilming:(GLORIASWANSON:'Tmreadyformyclose-upzMisterDeMille.")VOICETWO:"SunsetBoulevard"wonthreeAcademyawards.OnehonoredthewritingteamofWilder;BrackettandD.M.MarshmanJunior.ThemoviemarkedthelasttimeBillyWilderandCharlesBrackettwrotetogether.Wilderalsowashighlypraisedfor"StalagSeventeen",whichhebothproducedanddirected.Themoviemixeshumorandwartimerealism.WilliamHoldenplaysadishonestAmericanwarprisonerinaWorldWarTwoGermancampforAlliedservicemen.Holdenwonthenineteenfifty-threeAcademyAwardforhispart.Wilderwasnominatedforbestdirector.Innineteenfifty-four,BillyWilderbecameanindependentproducer.HeleftParamountPictures,themotionpicturecompanyhehadworkedwithformanyyears.Heleftaftercompanyofficialscutmanyanti-Nazicommentsfromaversionof"StalagSeventeen."ThatversionwastobeshowninGermany.Thenextyear,Wilder'sfirstmovieasanindependentfilmmakerwasahugesuccess.Itwas"TheSevenYearItch."HedevelopedthemoviefromaplaybyGeorgeAxelrod.Inthismovie,amarriedmanwantstocheatonhiswifewithabeautifulgolden-hairedyoungwoman.MarilynMonroeplayedtheyoungwoman.ThepartlaunchedherasamajorHollywoodsuccess.SomecriticssaidMarilynMonroegaveherbestperformancesunderBillyWilder'sdirection.VOICETWO:Innineteenfifty-nine,Wildermadeafunnymoviethatwasverypopular.I.A.L.DiamondjoinedWilderinwriting"SomeLikeItHot."Ittellsabouttwojazzmusiciansbeingchasedbycriminals.JackLemmonandTonyCurtisplaythemusicians.Theydecidetowearwomen'sclothesandjoinabandinwhichallthemusicianswerewomen.MarilynMonroeplaysoneofthebandmembers.ShewantstomakeLemmonandCurtisbelievesheisamusician.(MARILYNMONROE:'TmSugarKane.Mymotherwasapianoteacherandmyfatherwasaconductor")VOICEONE:BillyWildercontinuedtomakeinterestingmoviesthroughthenineteensixtiesandnineteenseventies.Asusual,hefilledhismovieswithsocialcommentandsexualsituations.Overtheyears,however,otherwritersanddirectorsalsodidthis.BythenineteeneightiesWildernolongerwasconsideredthemostunusual,creativemoviemakerinHollywood.VOICETWO:Inrecentyears,however,BillyWilderreceivedmanymoreawardsandhonors.Criticspraisedhisgiftstomoviemaking.Innineteeneighty-seven,theAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciencesgavehimtheIrvingG.ThalbergMemorialAward.Itisthehighestawardaproducercanreceive.WilderdiedinMarch,twothousandtwo.Hewasninety-five.AcurrentHollywoodproducersaid:"BillyWildermademoviesthatpeoplewillneverforget."ThisVOASpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyJerilynWatsonandproducedbyCatyWeaver.mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndI'mSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.