布达拉宫景点介绍中文及英文.docx

布达拉宫景点介绍中文及英文中文版布达拉宫座落在海拔3700米的西藏自治区拉萨市中心的红山上，因其建造的悠久历史，建筑所表现出来的民族审美特征，以及对研究藏民族社会历史、文化、宗教所具有的特殊价值，而成为举世闻名的名胜古迹。据史书记载：公元七世纪三十年代，吐蕃第三十三代赞普松赞干布迁都拉萨，始建布达拉宫为王宫。当时修建的整个宫堡规模宏大，外有三道城墙，内有千座宫室。松赞干布在此划分行政区域，分官建制、立法定律、号令群臣，施政全蕃，并遣使周边各国或与邻国建成姻亲关系或订立盟约，加强吐蕃与周边各民族经济和文化交流，促进吐蕃社会的繁荣。布达拉宫成为吐蕃王朝统一的政治中心，地位十分显赫。公元九世纪，随着吐蕃王朝的解体，布达拉宫遭冷落。公元九世纪至十七世纪中叶的800余年中，由于西藏政治中心地的不断变移，历代的萨迦、帕竹、喝玛巴政权都未曾设首府于拉萨，布达拉宫也一直未能重建，仅为拉萨大昭寺隶属的一处宗教活动场所。当时藏传佛教嚼当派高僧琼布扎色、喝举派嘎玛德辛协巴、格鲁派始祖宗喀巴等不同教派著名人物在此举行过讲经传法等佛事活动。公元1642年，五世达赖喇嘛建立了甘丹颇章政教合一地方政权。拉萨再度成为西藏政治、宗教、文化、经济的中心首府城。公元1645年，五世达赖喇嘛决定重建布达拉宫。公元1648年基本建成以白宫为主题的建筑群，将行政办公地由哲蚌寺移至布达拉宫白宫。从此布达拉宫成为历代达赖喇嘛居住和进行宗教活动和处理行政事务的重要场所。五世达赖喇嘛圆寂后，于公元1690年至1694年间扩建红宫，修建了五世达赖喇嘛灵塔殿为主的红宫建筑群，基本形成布达拉宫的建筑规模。十三世达赖喇嘛在位期间，又在白宫东侧顶层增减了东日光殿和布达拉宫山脚下的部分附属建筑。1933年十三世达赖喇嘛圆寂，灵塔殿建于红宫西侧，并与红宫结成统一整体。至此，从公元十七世纪中叶开始的布达拉宫重建和增扩工程全部完成。经过1300多年的历史，布达拉宫形成了占地面积40万平方米，建筑面积13万平方米，主楼红宫高达115.703米，具有宫殿、灵塔殿、大殿、佛殿、经堂、重要职能机构办公处、曾官学校、宿舍、庭院、回廊等诸多功能的巨型宫堡。宫内珍藏8座达赖喇嘛金质灵塔，5座精美绝伦的立体坛城以及瓷器、金银铜器、佛像、佛塔、唐卡、服饰等各类文物约7万余件，典籍6万余函卷（部），成为名副其实的文物瑰宝，受到世界各国人民的关注，被誉为世界屋脊的明珠。英文版PotalaPalaceislocatedontheRedMountaininthecenterofLhasa,TibetAutonomousRegionatanaltitudeof3,700meters.Ithasbecomeaworld-famousscenicspotduetoitslonghistoryofconstruction,itsethnicaestheticfeatures,anditsspecialvalueforthestudyofTibetansocialhistory,culture,andreligion.Accordingtohistoricalrecords:inthe730s,ZampuSongtsenGampo,the33thgenerationoftheTuboDynasty,moveditscapitaltoLhasaandbuiltthePotalaPalaceasthepalace.Atthattime,thewholecastlewasbuiltonagrandscale,withthreewallsandathousandpalacesinside.SongtsenGampodividedtheadministrativeregion,dividedtheadministrativesystem,thelawoflegislation,orderedtheministers,governedthewholeTibet,andsentneighboringcountriesorneighboringcountriestoestablishmarriagerelationsorcovenants,tostrengthentheeconomicandculturalexchangesbetweentheTuboandthesurroundingethnicgroups,andpromotetheprosperityoftheTubosociety.PotalaPalacebecametheunifiedpoliticalcenteroftheTuboDynasty,thepositionisveryprominent.Intheninthcentury,withthedissolutionoftheTuboDynasty,thePotalaPalacefellintodisuse.Formorethan800yearsfromthe9thcenturytothemiddleofthe17thcentury,duetotheconstantchangeofthepoliticalcenterofTibet,thesuccessiveregimesofSakya,PazhuandKarmapaneversetuptheircapitalsinLhasa,andthePotalaPalacewasneverrebuilt.ItwasonlyaplaceforreligiousactivitiesunderthejurisdictionofJokhangTempleinLhasa.Atthattime,thetopmonksoftheKadamangschoolofTibetanBuddhismQiongbuzhaSeandtheKagyuschoolGama•Famousfiguresfromdifferentsects,suchasDshinXibaandZongkaba,thefounderofGelugSchool,haveheldBuddhistactivitiesherezsuchaspreachingsutrasandDharma.In1642,theFifthDalaiLamaestablishedthelocalgovernmentofKandanPochangundertheocracy.Lhasahasonceagainbecomethepolitical,religious,culturalandeconomiccapitalcityofTibet.In1645,theFifthDalaiLamadecidedtorebuildthePotalaPalace.In1648AD,thebuildingcomplexwiththethemeoftheWhiteHousewasbasicallycompleted,andtheadministrativeofficewasmovedfromDrepungMonasterytotheWhiteHouseofthePotalaPalace.Sincethen,thePotalaPalacehasbecomeanimportantplacefortheDalaiLamatolive,carryoutreligiousactivitiesandhandleadministrativeaffairs.AfterthedeathoftheFifthDalaiLamaztheRedPalacewasexpandedbetween1690and1694,andtheRedPalacecomplexwiththemainhalloftheFifthDalaiLamawasbuilt,basicallyformingthescaleofthePotalaPalace.Duringthereignofthe13thDalaiLama,theEastDaylightHallandsomeancillarybuildingsatthefootofthePotalaPalacewereaddedtothetopflooroftheeastsideoftheWhiteHouse.In1933,whenthe13thDalaiLamadied,theLingtaHallwasbuiltonthewestsideoftheRedPalaceandformedaunifiedwholewiththeRedPalace.Thus,sincethemiddleofthe17thcenturyAD,thePotalaPalacereconstructionandexpansionprojecthasbeencompleted.Aftermorethan1300yearsofhistory,thePotalaPalacehasformedanareaof400,000squaremetersztheconstructionareaof130,000squaremeters,themainbuildingoftheredPalaceupto115.703meterszwithpalace,spiritualtowerhallzmainhallzBuddhisthall,Sutrashall,importantfunctionalinstitutionsoffice,formerofficialschools,dormitories,courtyards,cloistersandmanyotherfunctionsofthegiantpalace.Inthepalace,thereare8goldmedallionsoftheDalaiLamaz5exquisitesportsaltars,morethan70,000piecesofculturalrelicssuchasporcelain,gold,silverandbronzewares,Buddhastatues,pagodaszthangkasandcostumes,andmorethan60,000letters(volumes)ofclassicalbooks,whichhavebecomeveritableculturaltreasuresandattractedtheattentionofpeopleallovertheworld,andareknownasthepearlontheroofoftheworld.